Poly hydroxy salts

Polybasic carboxylic hydroxy and amino acid aided synthetic routes directed towards obtaining mixed inorganic materials, especially for battery and fuel cell applications, are overviewed. It has been shown that, in spite of enormous number of papers on the subject, significant efforts should be undertaken in order to understand the basic principles of these routes. Possible influence of the structure of reactants employed in the process (acids, poly hydroxy alcohols, metal salts) is put forward, and some directions of future work in the field are outlined. 

Dissolution of metal salts in the aqueous solution of polybasic hydroxy (or amino) carboxylic acids (and poly hydroxy alcohols) ... 

To what extent the 2-(a do-poly hydroxy alkyl) benzimidazoles can be used in resolving other optically active acids has not been determined. The benzimidazoles are relatively weak bases and do not form stable salts with weakly ionized acids. Haskins and Hudson15 found that when a solution of racemic lactic acid and 2-(D-gluco-D-gulo-hepto-hexa,hydroxy-hexyl)benzimidazole was concentrated, it was the free base that precipitated rather than one of the expected salts. It seems probable, however, that the method will be found useful in other resolutions, especially of the stronger organic acids. 

The reaction of a poly hydroxy base with less than a stoichiometric amount of an acid forms a basic salt, that is, a salt that contains unreacted OH groups. For example, the reaction of aluminum hydroxide with hydrochloric add can produce two different basic salts ... 

Acid anhydride-diol reaction, 65 Acid anhydride-epoxy reaction, 85 Acid binders, 155, 157 Acid catalysis, of PET, 548-549 Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nylon-6, 567-568 of nylon-6,6, 568 Acid chloride, poly(p-benzamide) synthesis from, 188-189 Acid chloride-alcohol reaction, 75-77 Acid chloride-alkali metal diphenol salt interfacial reactions, 77 Acid chloride polymerization, of polyamides, 155-157 Acid chloride-terminated polyesters, reaction with hydroxy-terminated polyethers, 89 Acid-etch tests, 245 Acid number, 94 Acidolysis, 74 of nylon-6,6, 568... 

White or colored gels are obtained with poly (vinyl alcohol) 26), by using the water-soluble salt of an aromatic amide where the hydroxy and carbonyl groups of the amide are attached to the same benzenoid ring. Several such compounds are illustrated in Figure 3. 

Diffiuex investigated a synthesis of cyclic poly(vinyl ether) using cationic polymerization [26,28]. The reaction process is depicted in Fig. 9. They studied on the living cationic polymerization of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) initiated with the HI adduct of 4-(vinylbenzyloxy)butyl vinyl ether prepared by reacting chloromethyl styrene with sodium salt of 4-hydroxy-butyl vinyl ether in THF at 80 °C. By the cationic polymerization of CEVE, o /o-hetcrofunclional linear polymer precursor of cyclic poly(CEVE) was produced. The MWDs of the polymers were unimodal and very narrow (< 1.2),... 

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