Poly chlorophenols

Haggblom, M.M., L.J. Nohynek, N.J. Palleroni, K. Kronqvist, E.-L. Nurmiaho-Lassila, M.S. Salkinoja-Salonen, S. Klatte, and R.M. Kroppenstedt. 1994. Transfer of poly-chlorophenol-degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus Apajalahti et al. 1986 to the genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44 485—493. 

Dibenzofuran, colourless, fluorescent crystals, mp 86°C, bp 287 C, occurs in coal tar. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran and other polychlorodibenzofurans (abbreviated PCDFs) are extremely toxic and, like 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo[l,4]dioxin (see p 371), belong to a group of compounds known as supertoxins [14]. The lethal dose for monkeys lies in the region of 0.07 mg/kg body weight. PCDFs are formed in traces during the industrial production of polychlorobenzenes, poly-chlorophenols and polychlorobiphenyls, as well as during the combustion or thermal decomposition of products which contain such compounds. Among these are pesticides, wood preserved with poly-chlorophenols, as well as transformer oils, e.g. ... 

Low molecular weight poly(l,3-phenylene oxide) [25190-64-1] has been prepared from the sodium salt of y -chlorophenol with copper as a catalyst... 

Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s are soluble only in solvents such as 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-phenol or o-cresol-CHCl3 mixtures, o-chlorophenol,... 

Schnaak et al. [4] Polychlorinated terphenyls, naphthalenes, chloropesticides, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (BTEX), chlorobenzenes, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA 610), phenols, chlorophenols, phthalates, petroleum hydrocarbons, LAS and nonylphenol (NP), organotin compounds and 2,4-dichloroaniline 1 pg/kg to 10 mg/kg for chlorine-contained compounds 10 pg/kg to 1 g/kg for solvent and phenols 1 mg/kg to 10 g/kg for EPA610, DEHP, LAS, and mineral oils Sewage sludge... 

The precursor of poly(penzoxazole) (28), poly(o-hydroxy amide) (27) is amorphous and readily soluble in DMF, NMP, DMSO, pyridine, THF, and acetone.25 Transparent, flexible, and tough film of 27 can be obtained by casting. However, fluorine-containing poly(benzoxazole) (28) from 25 dissolves only in concentrated sulfuric acid and o-chlorophenol. 

The aromatic poly(benzothiazole) from 15 and 29 is almost amorphous and easily soluble in strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and methane-sulfonic acid.26 It also dissolves in organic solvents such as HMPA and o-chlorophenol. The increased solubility and amorphous nature of this polymer is also ascribed to reduced intermolecular forces and to looser packing owing to the presence of highly distorted diphenylhexafluoroisopropylidene units in the polymer backbone. 

Poly(ethylene terephtha-late) m-Cresol, 2-chlorophenol, nitrobenzene, trichloroacetic acid Methanol, acetone, aliphatic hydrocarbons... 

Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene) is obtained by electrooxidative polymerization of / -bromo-phenol in aqueous NaOH solution. The yield increases when aqueous NaOH is replaced by aqueous KOH or when the reaction is conducted at higher temperature. In contrast, p-chlorophenol electrooxidatively dimerizes to give the biologically and pharmacologically important dioxin, 2,7-dichlorodibenzo[, ][l,4]dioxine254. In an effort to find protective chemical coatings, electrooxidative polymerization of ra-chlorophenol and ra-bromophenol was observed255. 

A mixture of molybdenum hexacarbonyl and 4-chlorophenol is effective in performing al-kyne metathesis of dipropynylated dialkylbenzenes. Alkyne metathesis of these precursors leads to the clean formation of dialkyl poly( paraphenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) in high yield and with high molecular weights. This facile yet effective access to the PPEs has allowed study of their spectroscopic, structural, and thermal properties. While PPEs have been made before, the dialkyl-PPEs turned out to have particularly interesting optical and liquid-crystalline properties that can be explained in terms of the conformation of the main chains. The PPEs have also been utilized to construct light-emitting diodes and other semiconductor devices. This chapter discusses the interplay of structure, chromicity, and electronic properties of the dialkyl-PPEs. 

Conditions for the optimization of SPME of phenol and chlorophenol soil contaminants were investigated end analysis was by GC-FID. The method was applied to soil analysis after acute contamination in industrial sites. The method was validated by comparison with an EPA certified extraction method . Soil samples were suspended in water and the extracted phenols were acetylated in situ with acetic anhydride in the presence of potassium bicarbonate. Acid was added after the end of the derivatization and SPME was performed by placing a poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber in the headspace. End analysis was performed by introducing the fiber into the injector of a GC-MS apparatus. LOD was in the sub-ppm range, with good precision, sensitivity and linearity . ... 

Later, it was established that rigid-chain PPI can also show solubility in organic solvents, such as p-chlorophenoL It was reported that soluble rigid-chain poly(naphthalenecarboximides) can be prepared under conditions similar to those mentioned previously [15]. Bulycheva and co-workers [5] synthesised PPI on the basis of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (Figure 1.1). 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) o-Chlorophenol, trichloroacetic acid... 

Polymerization 25c (0.500 g, 0.860 mmol), Mo(CO)e (0.021 g, 0.086 mmol), 4-chlorophenol (0.111 g, 0.860 mmol), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (20 mL) were held at 140 °C for 25 h under a steady stream of N2. The cooled reaction mixture was dissolved in 75 mL of CH2CI2, washed with diluted base, acid, and H2O, and then poured into MeOH for precipitation. The resulting yellow solid 26c (69%) was obtained by filtering a 4 frit The PAE 25c was dried under high vacuum at 40-90 °C bath temperature. The other poly-(fluorenyleneethynylene)s were prepared analogously. 

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