Poly calibration curve

Figure 9.17 Plot of log [i ]M versus retention volume for various polymers, showing how different systems are represented by a single calibration curve when data are represented in this manner. The polymers used include linear and branched polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(phenyl siloxane), polybutadiene, and branched, block, and graft copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate. [From Z. Grubisec, P. Rempp, and H. Benoit, Polym. Lett. 5 753 (1967), used with permission of Wiley.]...

Water-soluble polymers obtained through a radical polymerization [e.g., poly(acrylic acid) PAA] often contain sodium sulfate Na2S04 as a decomposition product of the initiator. The peak of Na2S04 is eluted before the dimer. In the interpretation of the chromatogram, a typical GPC program has to be truncated before the Na2S04 peak, or at a Mpaa value of about 200. The calibration curve in this region can be flattened by an additive small pore column as well, but the principle problem remains unsolved. 

PMMA, on the unmodified porous glass and silica gel, and the universal calibration curves for polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylates) did not coincide (10,12,19). 

Figure 3, HDC universal calibration curve (eluant ionic strength L29rriM. AM A monodisperse lattices (O) polystyrene polyvinyl chloride ( ) poly (styrene-...

Figure 5. Calibration curve obtained with relatively narrow molecular weight samples of poly(dichlorophosphazene)...

Figure 4.24 Calibration curves for LiChrospher colunn. Calibration standards poly(styrene) and mobile phase tetrahydrofuran.

For many polymers K and a values can be found in the Polymer Handbook [23]. In a recent study by Vanhee et al. [30] the universal calibration has been applied using the polystyrene (PS) calibration curve to characterize rigid rod poly(p-phenylenes) (PPP). It turned out that due to its larger persistence length, PPP with a certain mass requires a much larger volume than PS for the same molecular weight. Ron et al. employed universal calibration for the characterization of erodible copolymers [58]. 

How would you prepare a calibration curve if you were operating in a solvent in which poly(styrene) is not soluble ... 

Apparent values calculated on the basis of the extrapolated polystyrene calibration curve for 106A pore-size 20/i particle poly(styrene-divinyl-benzene) column. 

Figure 2. Illustrative method for generating PMMA molecular weight and HDV calibration curves in TFE using a poly sty rene-HDV calibration curve in...

Analyze poly phenolic standards at a minimum of three concentrations to generate calibration curves. Analyze data and calculate the quantity of each polyphenolic compound. 

Glucose sensors II and HI were prepared from the semipermeable membrane of PMSP, poly(1-trimethylsilyl-l-propyne), which has 4 times the oxygen permeability compared with that of FEP membrane. The response properties of sensor H, using a PMSP membrane with 25 Um diameter pinhole, were almost similer to that of the sensor I, so that their calibration curves were not presented in this paper. 

Fig. 18.6. Calibration curve obtained by the immuno-assay procedure in the detection of anti-E2 using the ITO-Poly (pyrrole-benzophenone) coated optical fibers. The linear range of the calibration curve was obtained for titer 1 64,000 and lower. The curve was fitted according to the equation y = A+B(x), where x is the human sera (anti-E2 antibodies) dilution value and y is the chemiluminescence response. The obtained correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.988.

Figure 5. (right) Glucose calibration curves for the ferrocene-modified poly(siloxane) / glucose oxidase / carbon paste electrodes at E = +300 mV (vs. SCE). The polymeric relay systems are indicated next to each curve, which is the mean result for four electrodes. 

Figure 8. (right) Glucose calibration curves for the ferrocene-modified poly(ethylene oxide)/glucose oxidase/carbon paste electrodes at E =... 

M thiocyanate solution. The lifetime of these electropolymerized electrodes (at least 2 months) is a significant improvement over that of PVC-based electrodes that use cobalt porphyrins (28, 29). The latter electrodes were selective toward thiocyanate, but the slopes of the calibration curves deteriorated substantially in less than one month. The improved lifetimes of the poly[Co(o-NH2)TPP] electrodes may be attributed to the covalent fixation of the ionophore to the polymeric matrix ... 

The effects of fouling were studied by obtaining glucose calibration curves for two ultramicrobiosensors, one without electropolymerized film, the other with poly(1,3-DAB). Both sensors were then placed in a solution containing 3% w/v bovine serum albumin, at temperature of 4°C, for 6 h. After 6 h, both sensors were again calibrated. 

A calibration curve for glucose at a UMB with poly( 1,3-DAB) is shown in Figure 3. The calibration curve is piece-linear. The linearity over the normal human clinical range for glucose (3-7 mM) is good (r=0.998), and the sensitivity is 9.2 pA/mM. The calibration curve levels off at about 15-20 mM glucose, due to oxygen limitation. 

An ultramicrobiosensor with poly( 1,3-DAB) was used to determine the amount of glucose present in a simulated serum sample. The sample contained 5 mM glucose, 0.4 mM uric acid, 0.21 mM acetaminophen, in pH=7.4 buffer. Two glucose calibration curves were obtained, in the usual fashion. Then, 5 to 10 mL of each of the simulated serum samples was placed in the cell, +0.58 V was applied, and a reading was taken after allowing the current to come to a steady baseline. Then a third calibration curve was obtained. 

The effect of electrode fouling was tested by obtaining calibration curves at two UMBs, one with enzyme and poly( 1,3-DAB), and one with enzyme only. Both UMBs were then placed in a 3% w/v BSA solution in pH=7.4 buffer, for 6 h, at T=4°C. After 6 h, the UMBs were removed, rinsed, and calibration curves were again obtained. The sensitivity of the UMB with polymer film decreased by 10%, some of which can be attributed to experimental error. The sensitivity of the UMB without polymer film decreased over 30%. 

Figure 3. Calibration curve for glucose at an ultramicrobiosensor with poly(l,3-DAB) film, showing oxygen limitation of glucose response above 20 mM glucose (E= +0.58 V vs Ag/AgCl).

Figure 6. Strip chart recorder output. Glucose calibration curve carbon electrode modified with poly(l,3-DAB)/l,r-DMF/glucose oxidase at +0.15 V vs SCE deoxygenated buffer.

Figure 7.6 NMR parameter image of a strained poly(dimethylsiloxane) rubber band with a cut and calibration curves (a) Experimental curve for T2 versus strain, (b) Experimental stress-strain relationship, (c) Calibration curve for T2 versus strain obtained from combination of curves a and b, (d) Stress image obtained by recalibration of a T2 parameter image. The stress contours range from 0 to 2.4 MPa...

Fig. 2.17. Plots of the current at +0.1 V for a poly(aniline)/poly(vinylsulfonate)-coated glassy carbon electrode (deposition charge 150 mC, geometric area 0.38 cm2) rotated at 9 Hz in 0.1 mol dm- 1 citrate/phosphate buffer at pH 7 as a function of the NADH concentration showing the stability of the electrode response. Four replicate calibration curves recorded in succession over 4h using the same electrode are shown ( ) run 1 ( ) run 2 (A) run 3 and (O) run 4. The solid line is drawn as a guide for the eye.

For demonstration, the SEC behavior of different polymethacrylates is given in Fig. 6. On silica gel as the stationary phase and methyl ethyl ketone as the eluent, all polymethacrylates elute in the SEC mode. The calibration curves of elution volume vs. molar mass for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ferf-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA), poly( -butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) and po-ly(decyl methacrylate) (PDMA) reflect the inability of the system to separate dif-... 

Show how this information can be used to construct a calibration curve for poly(methyl methacrylate) in gel permeation chromatography, using anionic polystyrenes as calibration standards. 

A net adsorption value (corrected for any IRS prism contamination) which could be related to calibration curves for surface concentration was obtained from the ratio of the amide I (C=0 stretching) band at 1640 cm to a standard band for each substrate polymer. The standard bands used were the CH bending vibration at 1400 cm for poly (dimethyl siloxane) and the CF2 scissoring deformation at 1450 cm for fluorinated ethylene/propylene copolymer. Because of the amide I band in polyurethanes, a 4X expanded abscissa was used for the other two polymers, the IX scale was sufflcient. 

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