Poly binder properties

Adhesives. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is used as a component in a wide variety of general-purpose adhesives to bond ceUulosic materials, such as paper and paperboard, wood textiles, some metal foils, and porous ceramic surfaces, to each other. It is also an effective binder for pigments and other finely divided powders. Both fully and partially hydrolyzed grades are used. Sensitivity to water increases with decreasing degree of hydrolysis and the addition of plasticizer. Poly(vinyl alcohol) in many appHcations is employed as an additive to other polymer systems to improve the cohesive strength, film flexibiUty, moisture resistance, and other properties. It is incorporated into a wide variety of adhesives through its use as a protective coUoid in emulsion p olymerization. 

Properties and Other Characteristics of Several Polyester Resin Binders Used in Pyrotechnic Formulations , Rept No RDTR No 51, USNAD, Crane (1966) 13a) V.V. Korshak et al, Poly-... 

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 286, No.ll, 30thNov.2001, p.695-704 UV CURABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL BINDER SYSTEMS DERIVED FROM POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)(PET) WASTE FOR SOLVENTLESS MAGNETIC TAPE MANUFACTURING. I. ACRYLATED OLIGOESTERS Farahat M S Nikles D E Alabama,University... 

For applications where only mechanical properties are relevant, it is often sufficient to use resins for the filling and we end up with carbon-reinforced polymer structures. Such materials [23] can be soft, like the family of poly-butadiene materials leading to rubber or tires. The transport properties of the carbon fibers lead to some limited improvement of the transport properties of the polymer. If carbon nanotubes with their extensive propensity of percolation are used [24], then a compromise between mechanical reinforcement and improvement of electrical and thermal stability is possible provided one solves the severe challenge of homogeneous mixing of binder and filler phases. For the macroscopic carbon fibers this is less of a problem, in particular when advanced techniques of vacuum infiltration of the fluid resin precursor and suitable chemical functionalization of the carbon fiber are applied. 

Hydrocarbon polymers (HCP) are used not only as fuel components but also as binders of crystalline oxidizers and metal powders in the formulation of pyrolants, similar to composite propellants and plastic-bonded explosives. There are many types of HCP, the physicochemical properties of which are dependent on their molecular structures. The viscosity, molecular mass, and functionality of the poly-... 

Composite propellants consist of an oxidizer (AP/AN/ADN), a metallic fuel such as Al, Mg etc and a binder, usually a polymer which also serves as a fuel. Vacuum stability tests (VSTs) suggest that composite propellants are intrinsically more stable than SB, DB and propellants. However, use of more exotic ingredients such as oxidizers (ADN and hydrazinium nitroformate, HNF), binders [poly([NiMMO)] and poly([GlyN)] are likely to introduce severe compatibility-related problems [30, 31]. Some recent research in this direction indicates that stability of such propellants is largely determined by the chemical and mechanical properties of propellants. However, early evidence of deterioration generally comes from a change in their mechanical properties rather than from chemical investigations [32]. 

The chemistry and properties together with applications of other energetic binders such as GAP, NHTPB, poly (NiMMO), poly (GlyN) and poly (CDN) will be described in Chapter 4 on propellants because of their extensive use in that segment of explosive industry. 

To summarize, the cost of production of NHTPB is lower than that of poly(NiMMO) or Poly(GlyN). However, NHTPB s performance is poor in comparison to them. On the basis of trials conducted so far, it seems likely that poly(GlyN) will prove to be a world leader in the field of energetic polymers. A summary of the properties of energetic binders for use with both explosives and propellants is given in Table 4.6a,b. 

BAMO is perhaps the most prominent among the azido oxetanes class in terms of the number of polymers and copolymers reported so far. Due to its symmetrical azido groups, it assumes special significance as a hard block repeating unit in a thermoplastic elastomer. However, the homopolymer is solid and cannot be used directly for binder applications because of its crystal-tine nature. Also, poly(BAMO) shows relatively poor mechanical properties as a binder for solid rocket propellants [153]. Many copolymers of BAMO with non-energetic co-monomers tike tetrahydrofuran (THF) have been reported. The BAMO-THF copolymer is an excellent candidate for binder applications with its energetic BAMO content coupled with the THF block which affords... 

As discussed under explosives and propellants, a number of energetic binders GAP, NHTPB, poly(NiMMO), poly(GlyN), poly(BAMO), poly(AMMO) and BAMO-AMMO copolymers etc. have been reported in the recent past and are at various stages of development and introduction for bulk production of explosives and propellants for various applications. These polymeric binders are reasonably stable and are of established compatibility with a wide range of ingredients used for explosive and propellant formulations. The data on their explosive properties impact, friction and electric spark sensitivities, indicate that it is safe to handle these materials. However, there appears to be no report in the open literature on... 

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