Pollution restrictions

The burning pit is of simple constmction, with low capital and operating costs, and it can handle liquid as well as vapor hydrocarbons. Its use is usually limited by spacing requirements and smoke formation, and it is applied only in remote locations where there are essentially no pollution restrictions. 

The reduction of SO, is best achieved by reducing the sulfur content of the fuel oil. Ship engineers arc required to replace high-sulfur fuel with expensive higher-grade oil fuel as their ships approach coastlines where strict pollution restrictions apply. 

Air and water pollution restrictions need to be made more stringent. Emission standards should be set at best available technology standards. 

Maximum outlet temperatures for cooling water usually are dictated by the chemistry of the cooling water. Most cooling water contains chlorides and carbonates consequently temperatures at the heat transfer surfaces must not exceed certain values in order to minimize formation of deposits or scale, which reduces heat transfer and leads to excessive corrosion. In addition, velocity restrictions must be imposed and observed to prevent corrosion and fouling as a result of sedimentation and poor venting. Stagnant conditions on the water side must always be avoided. In some plants, water consumption is dictated by thermal pollution restrictions. 

A ir pollution restrictions are now controlling the solvent mixtures used - in epoxy resin-based coatings requiring reformulation. In conforming to these restrictions, the study of alternate solvent mixtures has been systematized and simplified by epoxy resin solubility maps and ternary diagrams. This paper presents the practical application of this reformulating technique with emphasis on special effects like improvements in drying rate and lower viscosity. 

Formulation of solvent combinations for epoxy resin coatings is based on blends of solvents as composites with (8) and (p) within the solubility area shown in Figure 1. Evaporation rate, flash point, air pollution restrictions (if appropriate), and cost are among the other considerations in solvent selection. 

The imposition of pollution restricted CGL policies allowed the development of pollution specific insurance products that could be underwritten independently of other forms of insurance. 

The traditional use of turpentine as a paint solvent is no longer a major factor in turpentine consumption, first due to replacement with the cheaper mineral spirits and more recently due to the success of water-based paints and air pollution restrictions. The only remaining significant solvent use for turpentine is in the reclaiming of rubber. 

In 2002, PA 02-64, An Act Concerning Reducing Sulfur Dioxide Emissions at Power Plants was enacted requiring the six dirtiest power plants and others to adhere to the same pollution restrictions for sulfur dioxide emissions as newer power plants. ... 

In the course of increasing the production ctq>acity of zinc at the Onsan Refinery from 50,000 tons per year in 1978, the first year of operation, to 350,000 tons per year in 1999, the treatment of iron-containing residue, which is currently a goethite residue, has been an important issue because of the limited space at the plant. Korea Zinc investigated the available technologies for a process that could produce an inert material and meet the limits of the pollution restrictions. The requirements for the new process installed at Korea Zinc were as follows ... 

The type of fuel chosen will depend to a large degree on availability, price, local building codes, and pollution restrictions. For instance, in some communities, natural gas is not avail-... 

The toxic nature of mercury and its compounds has caused concern over environmental pollution, and governmental agencies have imposed severe restrictions on release of mercury compounds to waterways and the air (see Mercury). Methods of precipitation and agglomeration of mercurial wastes from process water have been developed. These methods generally depend on the formation of relatively insoluble compounds such as mercury sulfides, oxides, and thiocarbamates. MetaUic mercury is invariably formed as a by-product. The use of coprecipitants, which adsorb mercury on their surfaces facihtating removal, is frequent. 

The demand for trichloroethylene grew steadily until 1970. Since that time trichloroethylene has been a less desirable solvent because of restrictions on emissions under air pollution legislation and the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Whereas previously the principal use of trichloroethylene was for vapor degreasing, currentiy 1,1,1-trichloroethane is the most used solvent for vapor degreasing. The restrictions on production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane [71-55-6] from the 1990 Amendments to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the stratospheric ozone and the U.S. 

The impact of chemical pollution on the reproductive success and population sizes of wildlife species is often difficult to assess. In many cases, environmental factors such as habitat restriction, stress due to human intrusion and changes in natural food supplies owing to hunting, fishing and restocking policies may have a significant, even predominant, effect on population size. This makes it difficult to determine to what extent, if any, environmental endocrine disrupters may be contributing to observed effects on reproduction or population size in wildlife species. 

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