Poisonous snakebite

Nicotiana tabacum L. Yan Cao (Tobacco) (leaf) Nicotine, nicotimine, nicoteine, nicotelline.60 This herb is toxic. Treat soreness in the joints, numbness, hemicrania, poisonous snakebites, insecticide, antidysenteric, emetic. 

A number of dimeric carbazole alkaloids have been isolated from various natural sources in recent years, which have been found to exhibit various biological activities including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. In 1996, clausenamine A was isolated from the stem and root bark of Clausena excavata, which is used in Chinese herbal medicine for detoxification treatment following poisonous snakebites. The first total synthesis of clau-... 

This family includes coral snakes, cobras, mambas, and kraits. In the United States, Elapidae are responsible for 1-2% of poisonous snakebites. The incidence of envenomations is greater in some other parts of the world. Examples of coral snakes commonly found in the United States are the eastern coral snake, the Sonoran coral snake, and the Texas coral snake. Coral snakes are smaller than pit vipers. They do not have facial pits, and the head is rounded, as are the pupils. Eangs are 2mm and fixed to the jaw. Coral snakes are also more brightly colored, with bands of black and red, separated by yellow and white bands. Coral snakes are timid, nocturnal creatures. 

Traditional Medicine. Ginger is usually used as a carminative and diaphoretic and to stimulate the appetite. Dried ginger has been used for thousands of years in China to treat numerous ailments, including stomachache, diarrhea, nausea, cholera, and bleeding. In addition to the above uses, fresh ginger is used to treat rheumatism, poisonous snakebite, baldness, toothache, and other conditions (jIANGSU). 

Hindus have used the Indian snakeroot Rauwolfia serpentaria) for centuries as a febrifuge, an antidote to poisonous snakebites, and a treatment for dysentery and other intestinal afflictions. The plant is a perennial, evergreen shrub that grows in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma and Thailand. Reserpine, the major indole alkaloid present in roots, stems and leaves of R. serpentina at levels of 1.7-3.0% (w/w), is an effective hypotensive. 

In comparison to food-producing animals and cats and dogs, horses are less frequently poisoned. The most commonly encountered equine toxicoses are caused by pesticides, snakebites, arsenic, selenium, monensin, cantharidin, and mycotoxins. Most plants that are hazardous to food-producing animals are also toxic to horses, but horses are less frequently affected since owners usually assure the availability of good feed. Horses are very sensitive to monensin and cantharidin poisonings. 

Racoon Root, Red Pucoon, Red Root, Snakebite. Sweet Slumber, Tetterwort Poison Sanguinarine Dosage . ioz(2G) Root... 

Antidote for morphia poisoning Head lice, ringworm Snakebite wounds... 

Other common plants have been used variously for teas and liniments dandelion roots for poison ivy rash, the plantain leaf for insect bites and stings, aloe vera for almost everything, sunflowers for malaria, and the roots also for poison ivy rash, even snakebite. A partial mention is contained in Laura C. Martin s Wildflower Folklore. The doctrine of signatures enters into the folklore, whereby similarities in appearance between parts of a plant and parts of the human anatomy are supposed to suggest a connection, and hence a cure. 

It may be tempting to equate the concept of venom with poison, but to do so would be inaccurate. Many plants, for example, are poisonous but present no harm to humans because they have learned not to eat them. By contrast, one can be quite careful on a walk through the southwestern United States or Australian outback and still have an unfortunate accident involving the venom of a snake. In any given year, around 40,000 people die as a result of snakebites. To be more accurate with the definition of venom, therefore, it must be noted that venom is not just a poison, but one that is injected under the skin of the victim. 

Of the 14 families of snakes, 5 are poisonous (Table 11-54). The annual incidence of snakebite in the United States is three to four bites per 100,000 population. Clinically significant morbidity occurs in less than 60%, and only a few deaths are reported each year. Rattlesnake bite is the most common snake envenomation in the United States, and the victim is often a young, intoxicated male who was teasing or trying to capture the snake. Snakes strike accurately to about one-third their body length, with a maximum striking distance of a few feet. 

Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Director, Division of Medical Toxicology and Medical Director, California Poison Control System, San Diego Division Section II Hymenoptera Lionfish and Other Scorpaenidae Scorpions Snakebite Section III Antivenom, Crotalinae (Rattlesnake) Antivenom, Latrodectus Mactans (Black Widow Spider) Antivenom, Micrurus Fulvius (Coral Snake) and Exotic Antivenoms... 

Some famous victims of poisoning include Socrates (hemlock) and Cleopatra (snakebite). The Emperor Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germani-cus) was said to have been poisoned by his wife. Some... 

T raditional Medicine. This plant (E. angustifolia) was universally used as an antidote for snakebite and other venomous bites and stings and poisonous conditions. Echinacea seems to have been used as a remedy for more ailments than any other plant. Diseases and conditions for which echinacea was employed by physicians (1887-1939) included old sores, wounds, snakebite, gangrene, and as a local antiseptic internally for diphtheria, typhoid conditions, cholera infantum, syphilis, and blood poisoning. ... 

Traditional Medicine. In Chinese folk medicine, a decoction of the whole aboveground herb is used for treatment of colds, sunstroke, tonsillitis, pleurisy, urinary tract infections, infectious hepatitis, jaundice, and dysentery as an antidote for arsenic poisoning, poisoning by Gelsemium elegans, and toxic mushrooms external poultice for snakebites, scabies, traumatic injuries, and herpes zoster (uangsu). 

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