Clausena excavata

The dimeric carbazole alkaloids often occur along with the corresponding monomeric carbazoles in terrestrial plants [7,62] (Scheme 7). Clausenamine-A was obtained by Wu from the stem bark of Clausena excavata [63]. Clausen-amine-A and its synthetic analogs, like bis(O-demethylmurrayafoline-A), show cytotoxic activities against diverse human cancer cell lines [64] and exhibit moderate antimalarial activity [65,66]. Furukawa isolated l,r-bis(2-hy-droxy-3-methylcarbazole) and bismurrayaquinone-A, the first dimeric car-bazolequinone alkaloid found in nature, from Murraya koenigii [67]. 

Potterat, O., Puder, C., Bolek, W., Wagner, K., Ke, C., Ye, Y. and Gillardon, F. 2005. Clauzine Z, a new carbazole alkaloids from Clausena excavata with inhibitory activity on CDK5. Die Pharmazie, 60 637-639. 

Myricetin 3, 4 -dimethyl ether 3-Rhamnoside Clausena excavata aerial parts Rutaceae 444... 

He, H. et al., Flavonoid glycoside from Clausena excavata, Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu, 23, 256, 2001. 

A number of dimeric carbazole alkaloids have been isolated from various natural sources in recent years, which have been found to exhibit various biological activities including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. In 1996, clausenamine A was isolated from the stem and root bark of Clausena excavata, which is used in Chinese herbal medicine for detoxification treatment following poisonous snakebites. The first total synthesis of clau-... 

Clauszoline-K and dausine C (clauszoline-L) have been isolated from the stem bark of the Chinese medidnal plant Clausena excavata [72], Clausine M and dausine N have been found in the root bark of the same plant [73]. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the organic extract of Murraya siamensis, collected in Thailand, led to the isolation of siamenol, which shows HIV-inhibitory activity [74], A simple route to these 7-oxygenated carbazole alkaloids has been developed, based on a highly efficient palladium-catalyzed approach (Scheme 15.21) [75] (Table 15.4). 

The leaves of Clausena excavata contained clausenlactam (159), zapot-erin, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, ferulic acid, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and tri-ethylamine hydroiodide (123). 

Sripisut T, Cheenpracha S, Ritthiwigrom T, Prawat U, Laphookhieo S. Chemical constituents from the roots of Clausena excavata and their cytotoxicity. Record Nat Prod 2012 6(4) 386-9. 

Alkaloid from stem bark of Clausena excavata (Rutaceae). Cytotoxic. Brown powder. Mp > 290°. 

This strategy was pursued in the natural carbazole clausine C (107), which was isolated from the stem bark of Clausena excavata, a wild shrub that has been claimed to be a useful folk medicine in the treatment of snake bites (Scheme 7.23) [32]. 

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