Pluripotential stem cells

Table 10.4 The range of blood cells that are ultimately produced upon the differentiation of pluripotential stem cells (see text for details).

Evans, MJ. Kaufman, M. Establishment in cultme of pluripotential stem cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292,151 156 (1981). 

Table 6.1. The range of blood cells that are ultimately produced upon the differentiation of pluripotential stem cells (see text for details). (Note that osteoclasts are multinucleated cells often associated with small depressions on the surface of bone they function to reabsorb calcified bone)...

Gill DP, Jenkins VK, Kempen RR, et al. 1980. The importance of pluripotential stem cells in benzene toxicity. Toxicology 16 163-171. 

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) primarily increases the production and function of neutrophils by stimulating the proliferation of committed myeloid precursors, rather than pluripotential stem cells (1). 

Erythropoiesis Erythropoiesis is the development of mature red blood cells containing hemoglobin (erythrocytes) from pluripotential stem cells via a linear cascade. 

Lymphocytes all develop from pluripotential stem cells located in the red bone marrow. Most B cells complete their development in the bone marrow, whereas precursor T cells migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus, where they mature. When mature B cells encounter their corresponding antigen, they proliferate and... 

The pluripotential stem cells may become a candidate of special interest for immunohistopathological evaluation in the near future. The immune system is characterized by high functional and regenerative capacity following... 

Okano H, Nakamura M, Yoshida K, Okada Y, Tsuji D, Nori S, Ikeda E, Yamanaka S, Miuia K. Steps towards safe cell therapy using induced pluripotential stem cells. Circ Res. 2013 112 523-33. 

Macrophage colonies (Pluznik and Sachs, 1966) and presumably also granulocyte colonies (Ichikawa et al., 1966), which contain cells in various stages of maturation, are derived from single cells. It has however not been definitively proved that the factor induces one and the same species of pluripotential stem cells to differentiate into granulocytes or macrophages whereby their segregation could depend on different concentrations of the factor or on a secondary event. 

In most tissue microenvironments, many cell types are found in addition to the predominate cells that characterize that tissue. Leukocytes and immune system cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells, can be demonstrated in nearly all tissues and organs, particularly during periods of inflammation. Precursor cells and residual undifferentiated cell types are present in most tissues as well, even in adults. Such cell types include mesenchymal cells (connective tissues), satellite cells (skeletal muscle), and pluripotential stem cells (hematopoietic tissues). Endothelial cells make up the wall of capillary microvessels and thus are present in aU perfused tissues. 

Taylor, R. B. (1964). Pluripotential stem cells in mouse embryo liver. Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 46, 376-383. 

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