Pleurotus

Table 9.2 Contents of Luciferin, the Precursor of Luciferin, and SOD, in 1 g of Fruiting Body or Mycelium of Panellus stipticus, Armillaria mellea, Pleurotus japonicus, Omphalotus olearius, Mycena lux-coeli, and Mycena citncolor (data taken from Shimomura, 1992)...

Fig. 9.2 Changes in the luminescence intensity, the contents of luciferin and SOD, and medium pH during the mycelial growth of five kinds of bioluminescent fungi Panellus stipticus, Armillaria mellea, Mycena citricolor, Pleurotus japonicus, and Omphelotus olearius. The ordinate readings of the curves marked 1/3 should be multiplied by 3. For the SOD activity, see Table 9.2, footnote e. From Shimomura, 1992, with permission from Oxford University Press.

FUNGI Basidiomycetes Agaricales Agaricaceae Panellus, Mycena, Pleurotus, Armillaria, Omphalia, etc. 

On the other hand, agricultural wastes can be alternatively used as substrates for edible biomass production. Cotton plant stalks [8], maize residues [9], olive milling wastewater [10] have been tested for cultivation of Pleurotus sp. fruiting body. 

The metabolic activity of other white-rot fungi including Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreacus has been discussed in the context of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For example, the mineralization potential of the manganese peroxide system fmmNematolomafrowardii for a number of substrates has been demonstrated (Hofrichter et al. 1998) the formation of CO2 from labeled substrates ranged from 7% (pyrene) to 36% (pentachlorophenol), 42% (2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene), and 49% (catechol). 

Guillen F, AT Martinez, MJ Martinez (1992) Substrate specificity and properties of the aryl-alcohol oxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii. Eur J Biochem 209 603-611. 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

Bezalel L, Y Hadar, CE Cerniglia (1996a) Mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 292-295. 

Barton SC, Pickard M, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Heller A. 2002 Electroreduction of O2 to water at 0.6 V (SHE) at pH 7 on the wired Pleurotus ostreatus laccase cathode. Biosens Bioelectron 17 1071-1074. 

Baldrian, P., der Wiesche, C., Gabriel, J., Nerud, E, and Zadrazil, F., Influence of cadmium and mercury on activities of ligninolytic enzymes and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pleurotus ostreatus in soil, Appl Environ Microbiol, 66 (6), 2471-2478, 2000. 

Aus Pleurotus ulmarius isolierten Jones u. Mitarb. (Ill) zwei saure Acetylenverbindungen. Die erste Substanz war identisch mit trans-Dehydromatricariasaure (CDXLI I), die schon aus Compositen als Ester... 

Antibiotic Substances from Basidiomycetes. VIII. Pleurotus... 

Aryl alcohol oxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii had a strong preference for benzylic and allylic alcohols, showing activity on phenyl-substituted benzyl, cinnamyl, naphthyl and 2,4-hexadien-l-ol [103,104]. Another aryl alcohol oxidase, vanillyl alcohol oxidase (VAO) from the ascomycete Penicillium simplicissimum catalyzed the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol and the demethylation of 4-(methoxymethyl)phenol to vanillin and 4-hydro-xybenzaldehyde. In addition, VAO also catalyzed deamination of vanillyl amine to vanillin, and hydroxylation and dehydrogenation of 4-alkylphenols. For the oxidation of 4-alkylphenol, the ratio between the alcohol and alkene product depended on the length and bulkiness of the alkyl side-chain [105,106]. 4-Ethylphenol and 4-propylphenol, were mainly converted to (R)-l-(4 -hydroxyphenyl) alcohols, whereas medium-chain 4-alkylphenols such as 4-butylphenol were converted to l-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)alkenes. 

Varela, E., Guillen, F., Martinez, A.T. and Martinez, M.J. (2001) Expression of Pleurotus eryngii aryl-alcohol oxidase in Aspergillus nidulans purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Protein Structure and Molecular, Enzymology, 1546 (1), 107-113. 

VP (E.C. 1.11.1.46) was first described in liquid cultures of Pleurotus eryngii growing on peptone as nitrogen source [82, 83] and Bjerkandera sp. [84], VP is a heme containing structural hybrid between MnP and LiP, as it is able to oxidize Mn2+, veratryl alcohol, simple amines, phenolic, nonphenolic and high molecular... 

Pleurotus sajorcaju Laccase Amaranth, new coccine, and Orange G [14]... 

Using purified enzymes of WRF is another method used for degradation of azo dyes [45], Purified laccase from Pleurotus sajorcaju was reported to be used for decolorization of Reactive Black 5, and increased decolourization was observed with increase in enzyme concentration [43],... 

Becker HG, Sinitsyn AP (1993) Mn-peroxidase from Pleurotus ostreatus the action on the lignin. Biotechnol Lett 15 289-294... 

Chagas EP, Durrant LR (2001) Decolorization of azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus sajorcaju. Enzyme Microb Technol 29(8-9) 473 177... 

Eichlerova I, Homolka L, Lisa L, Nerud F (2005) Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R decolorization by white rot fungi Dichomitus squalens Ischnoderma resinosum and Pleurotus calyptratus. Chemosphere 60 398 -04... 

Zilly A, de Souza CGM, Barbosa-Tessmann IP, Peralta RM (2002) Decolourisation of industrial dyes by a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius producing laccase as the sole phenol-oxidizing enzyme. Folia Microbiol 47 315-319... 

Hublik G, Schinnera F (2000) Characterization and immobilization of the laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus and its use for the continuous elimination of phenolic pollutants. Enzyme Microb Technol 27 330-336... 

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