Basidiomycete fungi

FUNGI Basidiomycetes Agaricales Agaricaceae Panellus, Mycena, Pleurotus, Armillaria, Omphalia, etc. 

The fungi include Slime molds (Myxomycetes) algal fungi (Phy-comycetesy, sac fungi (Ascomycetes), and club fungi Basidiomycetes) among others. The yeasts and most of the molds with which food products are associated in some way are of the Ascomycetes variety. 

Fungi Basidiomycetes Merulius T431 merulinic acids... 

Cyathanes. Numerous diterpenoids with the cyathane skeleton have been isolated from cultures of various Cyathus species (birdnest fungi, basidiomycetes). Examples are the widely antibiotically active cyathatriol (C20H32O3, Mr 320.47, cryst., mp. 172-173°C), cya-thin A3 (C2oH3o03, Mr 318.46, powder, mp. 148-150°(2, [aJu -160° (CH3OH), and allocyathin... 

Polyynes (polyacetylenes). Compounds with very diverse structures containing several C/C triple bonds are produced mainly by fungi (basidiomycete cultures) and plants of the families Asteraceae, Apiaceae, and Araliaceae. In addition to conjugated triple bonds the R often also contain C/C double bonds, allene units, thiophene and furan rings. On account of the close biosynthetic relationships between these compounds, the term R is used as a collective name even when only one C/C triple bond is present in the molecule. As result of the work of Bohimann, E. R. H. Jones, Sorensen, and others more than one thousand natural R are now known. The antibiotically active mycotnycin (C H, g02, Mr 198.22, mp. 75 °C) from basidiomycete cultures, dehydromatricaria ester (CiiHgO, Mr 172.18, mp. 105-106°C) from Asteraceae, and the thiarubrins may be mentioned as typical examples (see also ter-thienyls). 

Rich sources of dietary vitamin are yeast and higher fungi (Basidiomycetes). The dominating folate forms in commercial dry baker s yeast were found to be tetrahydrafolate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with a total folate content of 28.9 mg/kg. 

For example, a screening of 416 strains (71 bacterial strains, 45 actinomycetes, 59 yeast, 60 basidiomycetes, 33 marine fungi, and 148 filamentous fungi) has been performed to look for microorganisms that display reductase activity in the absence of oxidase activity [8b]. A new microorganism, Diplogdasinospora grovesii IMI... 

Chemistry of the Higher Fungi. Part X. Further Polyacetylenic Derivatives of Decane from Various Basidiomycetes. T. Chem. Soc. [London]... 

The ectomycorrhizae form a mat of hyphal tissue (the mantle) surrounding the plant root and have hyphae that radiate away into the soil as well as those that radiate inward to reside between plant cells. The intercellular hyphae usually form a ramifying network in the root cortex (the Hartig s net), and some may have hyphal tips that form a broad pad that makes direct contact with the plant cell (the appressorium) to expedite nutrient transfer, but they usually do not invade the plant cell itself Ectomycorrhizae are often basidiomycete fungi (Basidiomycota). 

A mycorrhiza (literally, fungus-root) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. Mycorrhizae occur most frequently on plant roots, but may be found on any tissue involved in uptake of elements from soil. Mycorrhizae, formed by numerous fungi in the orders Phycomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Ascomycetes, can be divided into two broad groups those that penetrate host cells (endomycorrhizae) and those that do not (ectomycorrhizae). A few fungal species defy this neat classification, penetrating the cells of one host but not those of another. 

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