PLATO process

Further studies of this technology led to the development of several commercial processes, such as Lignostone and Lignifof in Germany, and Staypak and Staybwood in the United States. More recently, several commercial processes have been introduced in Europe. These are the Thermowood process in Finland, the Plato process in Holland, and the Perdure process and Retification in France. 

The best-established wood modification process is the Finnish ThermoWood process. One of the major factors in the snccess of this technology in the commercial arena is the relatively low capital expense of the eqnipment reqnired for processing. The capital cost of plant for fnrfnrylation is also relatively low compared to fuU chemical modification, and commercialization of this process is well developed. Other processes involving higher capital expenditure (such as acetylation and the Plato process) have seen rather more hesitant development. However, once these processes have been established for a few years and the capital costs are paid off, there wiU be a reduction in the price of the prodncts, leading to an increase in demand. 

The Plato (Proving Lasting Advanced Timber Option) process is derived from a technology that was originally developed by Royal Dutch Shell, and was a spin-off from research into the hydrothermal conversion of biomass into liquid fuels. The Plato thermal modification process involves four stages (Figure 8.3) ... 

Figure 8.3 / schematic of the Plato Wood production process. 

Time is readily sensed physiologically, and the so-called flow of time is measured by the regularity of motions and changes occurring within and around us. Plato s interpretation of Heraclitus analogy of fife to a river is that all things are in flux. We are immersed in a universe of processes that act as clocks, and even in solitude, we can still sense heartbeat, pulse, heat flow and the motions of other internal processes. Consciousness itself appears... 

DETAILS - A crude extract of hemlock was used by the ancient Greeks to execute enemies of the state. Plato s description of the death of Socrates is a very detailed account of the symptoms and their progression. Pure coniine has a burning taste similar to low-grade hot sauce and a characteristic odor which should be masked. Hard liquor or pungent spicy foods are best for this. Coniine poisoning is a relatively painless process, but takes several hours and the victim is conscious and aware to the very end. 

Photoglyphic Engraving.— The process thus designated was patented by Mr. Fox Talbot in April, 1858 it consists in etohing, by purely chemical means, a positive photograph printed upon a copper plato. 

Plato mentions white lead, sulphur, oreichalcos (golden bronze), and other common substances obtained by chemical processes.24... 

As chemists we can pose a simple, focussed question how do the Woodward-Hoffmann rules (WHR) [18] arise from a purely electron density formulation of chemistry The WHR for pericyclic reactions were expressed in terms of orbital symmetries particularly transparent is their expression in terms of the symmetries of frontier orbitals. Since the electron density function lacks the symmetry properties arising from nodes (it lacks phases), it appears at first sight to be incapable of accounting for the stereochemistry and allowedness of pericyclic reactions. In fact, however, Ayers et al. [19] have outlined how the WHR can be reformulated in terms of a mathematical function they call the dual descriptor , which encapsulates the fact that nucleophilic and electrophile regions of molecules are mutually friendly. They do concede that with DFT some processes are harder to describe than others and reassure us that Orbitals certainly have a role to play in the conceptual analysis of molecules . The wavefunction formulation of the WHR can be pictorial and simple, while DFT requires the definition of and calculations with some nonintuitive ( ) density function concepts. But we are still left uncertain whether the successes of wavefunctions arises from their physical reality (do they exist out there ) or whether this successes is merely because their mathematical form reflects an underlying reality - are they merely the shadows in Plato s cave [20]. 

The Pinenut is a symbol of the divine Light-Seed, which is concealed in it. During the sacred procession, they already carried the Thyrsus-Staff with the pine cone They should remember that the Titan-Son, Prometheus, who formed the first Human Being out of moist clay and brought him to life through the divine fire, which he brought from Heaven, hidden in a Narthex-Staff This divine spark is not brought to life in everybody That is why Plato said ... 

A fundamental concept in catastrophe theory is the structurally stable form (this can be a form of thing or process). Such a concept is close to the Platonic concept of idea or to the Aristotelian concept of form. In the Plato system the basic concept is an invariable and absolute idea, while things are imitations of the idea. In the Aristotle system it is assumed that matter and form exist combined into entirety. Form is more important (being an equivalent of the Plato s idea), since only form, an essential and permanent component of things, is cognizable. Hence, structural stability of forms in the Thom theory corresponds, on the one hand, to the invariable and indestructible ideas of Plato and, on the other, to the forms of Aristotle. 

See also Maintenance Plastics processing, 365 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P), 269 Platforms (product), 49 PLATO-Z, 1777... 

The other processes apply partly different atmospheres. In the oil-heat-treatment (OHT) vegetable oil is used in the French systems e.g. nitrogen is used (Retified Wood [bois retifie], NOW [new option wood]). The multi-stage PLATO (Providing Lasting Advanced Timber Option) process uses in the first... 

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