Platinum vapor, generation

Platinum vapor, (generated by electron beam evaporation of the molten metal at ca. 2x10 torr), or palladium vapor (by evaporation from a resistively heated hearth at ca.l0 torr)) was allowed to dissolve in a solution of poly(isobutyl-aluminoxane), [ C4H9A10]n ... 

Chang, C. C., and Jiang, S.J. (1997). Determination of Hg and Bi by electrothermal wporiza-tion inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using vapor generation with in situ pre-concentration in a platinum-coated graphite furnace. Hnal. Chim.Acta 353(2—3), 173. 

The international temperature scale is based upon the assignment of temperatures to a relatively small number of fixed points , conditions where three phases, or two phases at a specified pressure, are in equilibrium, and thus are required by the Gibbs phase rule to be at constant temperature. Different types of thermometers (for example, He vapor pressure thermometers, platinum resistance thermometers, platinum/rhodium thermocouples, blackbody radiators) and interpolation equations have been developed to reproduce temperatures between the fixed points and to generate temperature scales that are continuous through the intersections at the fixed points. 

Thermal treatment—Processes in which vapor-phase contaminants are destroyed via high-temperature oxidation the primary categories of thermal treatment used to treat MTBE and other oxygenates include thermal oxidation, which employs a flame to generate the high temperatures needed to oxidize contaminants, and catalytic oxidation, which employs lower temperatures in the presence of a catalyst (typically platinum, palladium, or other metal oxides) to destroy contaminants. 

The sodium hydroxide solution from a large bottle, and at room temperature, is caused to flow at the rate of 1 1. per hour through a pyrex glass tube equipped with an overflow for the solution and another tube for the gas outlet, and an inlet tube of copper or platinum for the fluorine as shown in Fig. 18. The inlet tube, which is sealed into the glass with red sealing wax, dips from 0.5 to 2 cm. into the alkali solution. The fluorine is passed directly from the generator into the inlet tube at the rate of from 1 to 3 1. per hour. If the fluorine is first condensed with liquid air, the yield is said to be very small.2 To the exit tube are attached first a gas wash bottle filled with water, (see Fig. 19) then a trap cooled with a solid carbon dioxide-alcohol mixture, and finally another trap cooled with liquid air. The OF2 is freed from any fluorine in the wash bottle, and the water vapor is frozen out in the first trap. The OF2—02 mixture condenses to a pale-yellow liquid in the... 

Platinum and palladium were among the first metals that were investigated in the molecular surface chemistry approach employing free mass-selected metal clusters [159]. The clusters were generated with a laser vaporization source and reacted in a pulsed fast flow reactor [18] or were prepared by a cold cathode discharge and reacted in the flowing afterglow reactor [404] under low-pressure multicollision reaction conditions. These early measurements include the detection of reaction products and the determination of reaction rates for CO adsorption and oxidation reactions. Later, anion photoelectron spectroscopic data of cluster carbonyls became available [405, 406] and vibrational spectroscopy of metal carbonyls in matrices was extensively performed [407]. Finally, only recently, the full catalytic cycles for the CO oxidation reaction with N2O and O2 on free clusters of Pt and Pd were discovered and analyzed [7,408]. 

When the sensor is exposed to the sample vapor, molecules diffuse through the porous membrane and come into contact with the WE. Both the membrane and electrode are immersed in the electrolyte. The porous membrane is saturated with the electrolyte. The reaction takes place on the surface of the working electrode where the incoming molecules become oxidized or reduced by the electrolyte. The gold or platinum plate itself serves as the catalyst for the reaction. The reaction generates an electric current that is measured for detection purposes. 

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