Plasticizer penetration

Plastic deformation. If normal or tangential stresses become too high, plastic deformation of the contact area will occur. Under certain circumstances, this can lead to plastic shearing, parallel to the surface, without plastic penetration normal to the surface. 

Figure 4. Generalized sorption isotherm for plasticizing penetrants in glassy polymers. (Schematic.)...

Intumescent products suitable even for plastic penetrating items. 

Transport In hydrocarbon polymers exposed to organic vapors or hydrophilic polymers exposed to water vapor typically is characterized by diffusion coefficients that increase exponentially with the concentration of plasticizing penetreat.10 13 Such a relationship is represented graphically in Fig. 20.3-6g. At relatively low concentrations of a plasticizing penetrant, the linear relationship between D(C) and C shown in Fig. 

Sony . [SVO Enterprises] Surfactant, emulsifier, dispersant, plasticizer, penetrant, lubricant Ax textile processing. 

Plasticization theories discussed above agree that plasticizers penetrate into the polymer mass, separating chains and thus reducing intermolecular forces between them. Having this in mind, Moorshead analyzed prerequisites for a polymer to be plasticized ... 

A plastisol may be regarded as an organosol in which the continuous phase is almost entirely liquid plasticizer (small amounts of solvent are used for viscosity adjustment). PVC plastisols are made from PVC powder, adipate and phthalate ester plasticizers and minor amounts of epoxy-type resin in solution to aid pigment dispersion and to help (with other additives) to keep the polymer stable to heat and oxidation. The resultant coating is nearly solvent-free and so can be applied in thick films (100-250 m) and stoved without disruption by escaping solvent. The plasticizer penetrates the particles, aiding sintering as the metal substrate reaches c. 200°C in 30-60 s. 

As the temperature of the paste rises during cure, the plasticizer penetrates into the polymer particles, which swell and merge. If the temperature is sufficiently high and the time adequate, the process culminates in complete mutual solution of polymer and plasticizer. This is represented by the formation of a homogeneous plasticized PVC melt that on cooling solidifies to a solid plasticized PVC material. 

For virtually all units in this segment there is the need for a housing to contain the various electrical components and, in many cases, a foodstuff. Metal was the chosen housing material for many years, but as the polymer producing and conversion industry developed so plastics penetrated this application. The typical water boiling kettle is a classic... 

For the installation and welding of geomembranes and geotextile protection layers as well as for their welding against plastic penetration and building components the following at least must be available ... 

Plasticizer penetrates and swells the resin particles—adhesion step. 

The deformation behavior of bulk ZnO single crystals was studied by a combination of spherical nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy [101]. ZnO exhibited plastic deformation for relatively low loads (>4—13mN with a 4.2 mm radius spherical indenter). The average contact pressure hardness H and Young s modulus as a function of indenter penetration were determined by analyzing partial load-unload data. The hardness value of ZnO is measured to be 5.0 0.1 GPa at a plastic penetration depth of 300 nm. The Young s modulus remained essentially constant over the indenter penetration depth, with =111.2 4.7 GPa. Previous indentation studies performed mostly on polycrystalline ZnO have reported a wide range of H ( 1.5-12 GPa) and ( 40-120 GPa) values. However, it should be noted... 

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