Plasmopara vine downy mildew

Grapevine vines Downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride... 

Fungicides Vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) ... 

The second invasion came in 1865 when attempts to control the root aphid Phylloxera through the importation and use of Phylloxera-resistant root stocks inadvertently introduced vine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, into the French vineyards. This stimulated what is regarded as the major breakthrough in fungicide use when Millardet, in 1885, acting upon a chance observation, developed the use of Bordeaux mixture, a cocktail of copper sulfate and lime, which is still used extensively in vines and many other crops. 

PUCCRE Puccinia recondita, brown rust on wheat PLASVI = Plasmopara viticola, downy mildew on vines VENTIN Venturia inaequalis, apple scab PYRIOR = Pyricularia oryzae, rice blast... 

Folpet s mode of action and field of application are similar to those of captan, though it is less widely used in orchards. The most important difference in application of the two active substances is that folpet also has some effect on powdery mildew, or at least does not increase sensitivity to powdery mildew fungi (Lukens and Horsfall, 1967). Folpet is used mainly against downy mildew of vine (Plasmopara viticola) and foliage diseases of cereals. It is also used as a wide-spectrum soil fungicide. 

There, the fungicidal activity was detected and an optimization program carried out [88] that finally led after three years of work and the preparation of over 700 analogs [88b] to an optimized structure, famoxadone for patents see [89]. In-vivo structure-activity relationships have been reported with the oomycetes Phy-tophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola [88]. Famoxadone was announced in 1996 as a broad spectrum fungicide for the control of diseases caused by Ascomy-cetes and Basidiomycetes in various crops and particularly against downy mildew diseases caused by oomycetes in potato, vines and vegetables [90]. 

Benthiavalicarb (4, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, KIF-230, Fig. 18.6) was discovered by Kumiai-Ihara and has been developed for the control of Oomycete diseases such as downy mildews Plasmopara viticola and Pseudoperonospora cuhensis) on grape vine and vegetables and late blight Phytophthora infestans) on potatoes [4, 16]. The valinamide derivative benthiavalicarb (4) shows a close structural similarity to iprovalicarb (3). 

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