Plasmopara viticola

Grapevine vines Downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride... 

Larbi M, Gobat JM, Fuchs JG (2006) Inhibition of the apple scab pathogen venturia inaequalis and the grapewine downy mildew pathogen plasmopara viticola by extracts of green waste compost. ORBIT Conference... 

Novel cyclohexenones, acremines A-F (109-114), were isolated from a mycoparasitic Acremonium sp. from the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola on Vitis vinifera cv. Regina blanca. Compounds 109-112 inhibited germination of the pathogen, and the most activity was shown by acremine C (111). This work may lead to a mechanism for the mycocidal activity of mycoparasitic fungi. 

Assante G Ac remines A-F, novel secondary metabolites produced by a strain of an endophytic Acremonium, isolated from sporangiophores of Plasmopara viticola in grapevine leaves, Tetrahedron 61 7686—7692, 2005. 

Fungicides Vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) ... 

The second invasion came in 1865 when attempts to control the root aphid Phylloxera through the importation and use of Phylloxera-resistant root stocks inadvertently introduced vine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, into the French vineyards. This stimulated what is regarded as the major breakthrough in fungicide use when Millardet, in 1885, acting upon a chance observation, developed the use of Bordeaux mixture, a cocktail of copper sulfate and lime, which is still used extensively in vines and many other crops. 

Fosetyl. Fosetyl (aluminium ethyl phosphate Figure 4.32) is a specific downy mildewicide (Oomycetes) used to control Plasmopara viticola in vines and Phytophthora blights in various fruit and nut crops. 

A welcome side effect of treating fungi (e.g. peronospora plasmopara viticola) with iron blue is the fertilizing of vines in soils that give rise to chlorosis. Leaf color is intensified, ageing of the leaves is retarded, and wood quality ( ripeness ) is also improved [3.196]—[3.198]. Iron is necessary for chlorophyll synthesis, which improves grape quality and yield. Other iron salts do not have this effect [3.197]. 

Phycomycetes subclass oomycetes Plasmopara viticola downy mildew of grape... 

Compounds 97 and 5,7-dihalo-l, 2,4-triazolo[l, 5-a]pyrimidines act as agrochemical fungicides and cause protection against Plasmopara viticola (87GEP3533050 94MIP1). Compounds 121 are superior fungicides (83 GEP3130633). 

Dereks W, Creasy LL. 1989. Influence of fosetyl-Al on phytoalexin accumulation in the Plasmopara viticola-grapevine interaction. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34 203-13. 

Raynal, G., Ravish, A., and Bompeix, G. 1980. Action du tris-0- thylphosphonate d aluminium (phosithyl d aluminium) sur la pathog nie de Plasmopara viticola et sur la stimulation des reactions de defense de la vigne. Ann. Phytopathol. 1 2, 163-175. 

Staub, T.H., Dahmen, H., and Schwinn, F.J. 1980. Effects of Ridomil on the development of Plasmopara viticola and Phytophthora Infestans on their host plants. Z. Pflanzenkr, Pflanzen-schutz 87, 83-91. 

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. Curt.) Berl. de Toni, occurs only in climates that are wet during the growing season and therefore not in California. The fungus can... 

Clerjeau, M. and J. Simone. 1982. Apparition en France de souches de mildiou (Plasmopara viticola) r sistantes aux fongi-cides de la famille des anilides (Mitalaxyl, Milfurame). Le Progres Agricole et Viticole 99 59-61. 

M. Reuveni, Activity of the new fungicide benthiavalicarb against Plasmopara viticola and its efficacy in controlling downy mildew in grapevines, Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109 (3) (2003) 243-251. 

Aliette (aluminum tris-0 ethylphosphonate) has been reported to enhance defense reactions and phytoalexin accumulation in grapes and tomatoes in response to infection by Plasmopara viticola and Phytophthora spp., respectively, and to trigger phenolic accumulation and hypersensitive cell death in tomatoes, peppers, and beans in response to infection while possessing little direct fungitoxicity (116,117). However, recent data cast doubt on the earlier reports of the low activity of Aliette as an inhibitor of Phytophthora sporulation mi vitro (118), and have attributed the protective properties of the compound to phosphorous acid which is formed in plant tissues or in certain buffer solutions of Aliette (119,120). Toxicity of phosphorous acid to Oomycetes is reversible by phosphate ion, and this may explain Aliette s lack of fungitoxicity in certain growth media. 

The division Oomycota mainly consists of two orders. The order Saprolegniales comprises aquatic species, some of which are pathogenic to fish. Representatives of the order Peronosporales mostly occur in soil or as parasites of plants [63]. The latter order comprises one species of clinical significance, Pythium insidiosum [80]. Two members of the order Peronosporales, Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola, have been implicated as allergenic fungi [81]. 

Fungi were recognized as the cause of several serious plant diseases in the middle of the 19th century. The need to control fungal diseases of plants, such as Plasmopara viticola infections of vines, led to the development by Millardet in 1883 of Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate and lime). 

Folpet s mode of action and field of application are similar to those of captan, though it is less widely used in orchards. The most important difference in application of the two active substances is that folpet also has some effect on powdery mildew, or at least does not increase sensitivity to powdery mildew fungi (Lukens and Horsfall, 1967). Folpet is used mainly against downy mildew of vine (Plasmopara viticola) and foliage diseases of cereals. It is also used as a wide-spectrum soil fungicide. 

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