Plasma immersion ion implantation and

Delplancke-Ogletree, M. R, Monteiro, O. R., and Brown, I. G., Preparation of TiC and TiC/DLC Multilayers by Metal Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition Relationship Between Composition, Microstructure and Wear Properties," Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Voi.438,1997,p.639. 

Plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII D) is a versatile technique that can conduct simultaneous and sequential ion implantation and deposition, owing to a combination of the advantages offered by conventional plasma and ion beam technologies (Lu et al., 2012). The uniqueness of PIII D over conventional ion... 

Reprinted with permission from Anders, A., 2000. Handbook of Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition. Wiley, New York. 

Chu, P.K., 2013. Progress in direct-current plasma immersion ion implantation and recent applications of plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 229, 2—11. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.073. 

A. Anders, Metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID),... 

Plasmas and Polymers 8, No.l, March 2003, p.1-11 HYDROPfflLIZATION OF PVC SURFACES BY ARGON PLASMA IMMERSION ION IMPLANTATION... 

Sheets of PVC were subjected to argon plasma immersion ion implantation over various exposure times (from 900 to 10,800 s) and the effect of exposure time on the composition, roughness and wettability of the PVC sheets investigated. It was found that the wettability of samples increased with surface treatment and that the hydrophobic character of samples treated for shorter periods recovered either partially or completely. Samples exposed for the longest time remained highly hydrophilic. 21 refs. BRAZIL... 

ION IMPLANTATION PROCESSES ION-BEAM IMPLANTATION AND PLASMA-IMMERSION ION IMPLANTATION... 

Implantation Current from Matrix Sheath During Plasma-Immersion Ion Implantation. Derive relation (8-117) for time evolution of the implantation current from the matrix sheath, using the following steps. Let x = 0 in equation (8-116) calculate an ion flight time /jf from the position xq to the target in the form of a function xo(/if). Ions from the interval between xq and Xq - - dxo are implanted in a time interval between /jf and / f -1- dt. Differentiation of the function Xo(/if), therefore, permits you to find the implantation current density as J = enp(dxo/dtn). 

Figure 1.9 Schematic illustrations (a) Conventional beam hne ion implantation and (b) plasma immersion ion implantation.

Figure 1.10 Schematic illustration of enhanced ceU adhesion and early hone formation on Ti-6A1-4V after nitrogen and carhon plasma immersion ion implantation.

Reprinted with permission from Zhao, Y., Wong, S.M., Wong, H.M., Wu, S., Hu, T., Yeung, K.W.K., Chu, P.K., 2013. Effects of carhon and nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation on in vitro and in vivo hiocompatihihty of titanium alloy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1510-1516. 

Anders, A., 2002. From plasma immersion ion implantation to deposition a historical perspective on principles and trends. Surf. Coat. Technol 156, 3—12. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00066-X. 

Chen et al. (2002) varied acetylene to argon flow ratios in the DLC obtained with plasma immersion ion implantation deposition technique. According to Chen et al., the blood compatibility of DLC depends on the sp to sp ratio rather than absolute sp or sp content and blood compatibility becomes worse with a larger sp to sp ratio (Chen et al., 2002). 

Da Silva LLG, Alves LG, Toth A, Ueda M. A study of the effect of nitrogen and air plasma immersion ion implantation treatments on the properties of carbon fiber. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 2011 39 3067-3071. 

Figure 2 presents the most common plasma-based surface modification techniques for biomedical applications, described in more detail later plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition or PACVD (RF, MW), physical vapor deposition or PVD (sputtering, cathodic arc), plasma polymerization and grafting, plasma-based thermochemical treatments (e.g. plasma nitriding), ion implantation, plasma immersion ion implantation or PHI, and plasma spraying. Each technique has unique advantages and applications, and the choice of the more adequate technique often depends on the... 

Wan GJ, Maitz MF, Sun H, Li PP, Huang N, (2007), Corrosion properties of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treated magnesium . Surface and Coatings Technology, 201, 8267-8272. 

Yekehtaz M, Baba K, Hatada R, Flege S, Sittner F, Ensinger W, (2009), Corrosion resistance of magnesium treated by hydrocarbon plasma immersion ion implantation . Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, B267, 1666-1669. 

The combination of plasma and ion beams in the process of plasma immersion ion implantation (PHI) has been developed during the last few years [63-66], and it seems that this new technique shows promise in bringing down the costs of ion implantation [67]. For homogeneous implantation of workpieces with complicated geometries the process has the particular advantage that it is not a line of sight process as in conventional ion implan-... 

In plasma immersion ion implantation (Pill), the metallic substrate is immersed in a plasma and pulsed momentarily to a high potential (50-100 kV). Ions are accelerated to the surface from the plasma and, before there is an arc-breakdown, the pulse is terminated. 

At very high ion energies the depositing atoms may be implanted/diffused into the substrate surface. This has been called plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (PBIID) and also plasma immersion ion deposition (PHD), and, if a metal (MePIID). ... 

---