Plasma nitrogen

Fig. 4. Examples of emission spectrometry as a diagnostic monitoring tool for plasma processing, (a) The removal of chlorine contamination from copper diode leads using a hydrogen—nitrogen plasma. Emissions are added together from several wavelengths, (b) The etching and eventual removal of a 50-p.m thick polyimide layer from an aluminum substrate, where (x ) and (° ) correspond to wavelengths (519.82 and 561.02 nm, respectively) for molecular CO2...

The reactants ate fed into the tail flame of a d-c nitrogen plasma. The reaction occurs rapidly at temperatures around 1500°C and the HCl reacts with excess ammonia to form ammonium chloride. Similar reactions have been carried out using furnaces, lasers, and r-f plasmas (34) as the source of heat. Other routes using titanium tetrachloride starting material include... 

The relatively high volatility of Tg[CH = CH2]8 has enabled it to be used as a CVD precursor for the preparation of thin films that can be converted by either argon or nitrogen plasma into amorphous siloxane polymer films having useful dielectric propertiesThe high volatility also allows deposition of Tg[CH = CH2]g onto surfaces for use as an electron resist and the thin solid films formed by evaporation may also be converted into amorphous siloxane dielectric films via plasma treatment. ... 

Another approach to enhance separation performance of membrane for dehydration of isopropanol is the modification of PVA membranes in gaseous plasma [30], The modification of membrane properties in nitrogen plasma environment lead to increase in selectivity by about 1477 at 25 °C such increase in the selectivity is justified by an increase of cross-linking on membrane surface provoked by plasma treatment. 

The same authors reported the possibilities of using a membrane made by PVA modified by LiCl, whose surface has been modified by exposure to low-pressure nitrogen plasma [31], The best results have been obtained for 0.05 wt% of LiCl in PVA membrane at 25 °C (selectivity 14 and flux 250 g m"2lT ). 

Figure 9. Infrared spectrum of (a) pure acetylene, (b) gases from argon plasma arc, (c) gases from nitrogen plasma arc...

Fine and ultra-fine BN is used for lubricants and toners and can be produced by combustion of boron powder at 5500 °C in a nitrogen-plasma [91-93]. 

Figure 6. Sulfur 2p electron spectrum from wool yarn exposed to oxygen plasma (top) and to a nitrogen plasma (bottom).

Stokes and Knipe [153] obtained nitric oxides by mixing nitrogen plasma jet with oxygen. The average conversion of 02 in these experiments equaled 2%. La Roche [154] obtained higher yields in high-quality discharge plasma. Maximal concentration in a sample with low... 

There were experiments [158] studying formation of nitric oxides in nitrogen plasma jet with injected oxygen, oxygen-nitrogen mixture and water. In this case, NO concentration in nitrous gases reached 8%. 

Recent experimental studies supports the existence of tetrahedral N4 in the nitrogen plasma as well as in liquid and solid nitrogen [9,10], whereas neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry study of N4 suggests that observed species is the open-chain triplet structure [11]. 

Deposition of copper metal Since Cu(II) is the preferred oxidation state of copper, Cu2+ salts are more stable and more available, hence, in a technical application it would be favorable to use them as starting material. We tried to reduce Cu(CF3S03)2 dissolved in [EMIM][TfO], [BMP][TfO] and [BMIM][TfO] with an argon plasma (gas pressure 100 Pa) as well as with a nitrogen plasma (100 Pa), respectively. Additional experiments with Cu(CF3SC>3)2 dissolved in [EMIM][TfO] and Ar/H2 plasmas were carried out, with the distance between the hollow cathode in the gas phase and the surface of the ionic liquid metal salt solution being 3, 45 and 100 mm. Moreover, for the 3 mm distance several experiments with different gas pressures from 50 to 500 Pa were carried out. 

The specific heat of InN was measured using InN microcrystals obtained by the microwave nitrogen plasma method [20]. The specific heat was obtained using differential scanning calorimeter Setaram DSC 92 with a precision better than 1% for the entire temperature range the results of these measurements are listed in TABLE 3. 

FIGURE 2 Nitrogen plasma optical emission spectra (after [6,7]). (a) ECR source, 250 W, MBE chamber pressure 2 x 10 5 mbar. (b) RF source, 200 W, MBE chamber pressure 2 x 10"6 mbar. 

F. Laborda, M. J. Baxter, H. M. Crew, J. Dennis, Reduction of polyatomic interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by selection of instrumental parameters and using an argon-nitrogen plasma effect on multi-element analyses, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 9 (1994), 727-736. 

Fio. 2. Particle densities at atmospheric pressure in a nitrogen plasma as a function of temperature (F2). 

The trinitrogen cation is produced in nitrogen plasmas through the reaction of energized N2ions with N2 molecules. Formation in the atmosphere probably involves ternary... 

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