Plants triglycerides

Keywords Degradation Metabolic pathways PHA synthase PHA granule Renewable feedstock Sugars Transgenic plants Triglycerides... 

Dankovich, A.T., Hsieh, Y, 2007. Surface modification of cellulose with plant triglycerides for hydrophobicity. Cellulose 14, 469—480. 

Lipids are widely distributed throughout both plant and animal kingdoms and are essential constituents of cell membranes the phospholipids and cholesterol are particularly significant in this respect. Quantitatively the triglycerides are the most abundant of the lipids and form the chief energy reserve of animals. They also protect the body from heat loss and mechanical injury. In plants triglycerides occur in quantity only in seeds. 

The quahty of various grades of castor oil have been prescribed by the International Castor Oil Association, Inc. (ICOAI). Specifications prescribed for the triglyceride oil derived from a plant of the genus Acinus communis are shown in Table 4. The International Castor Oil Association, Inc. has also estabUshed chemical properties to be used in the event of a dispute between buyer and seller as to the purity of the oil. These specifications are given in Table 5. 

The physical and chemical properties of individual oils and fats are determined by the nature and proportions of fatty acids that enter into the triglycerides composition. Animal and dairy fat like plant oils are dominated by triacylglycerols, with steroids present as minor components, cholesterol and its esters being the most significant. The triacylglycerols of animal fats differ from plant oils since they contain more of the saturated fatty acids and consequently are solid at room temperature. 

Fats and oils, constituted by acylglycerolipids, represent a major subgroup of lipids. They are the most common class of medium-size molecules produced by living organisms. They are the main constituents of the storage fat cells in plants and animals. They have quite a similar chemical composition, as they are mainly composed of triglycerides, triesters of glycerol with fatty acids (FAs). 

Although LOX from soybean seed is the best characterized of plant LOXs, this enzyme is present in a wide variety of plant and animal tissues (Liavonchanka and Feussner, 2006). The enzyme occurs in a variety of isoenzymes, which often vary in their optimum pH and in product and substrate specificity. Given the occurrence of multiple LOX isoenzymes in soybean leaves and the proposed roles of these enzymes in the plant metabolism, it is possible that individual isoenzymes play specific functions (Feussner and Wasternack 2002). The molecular structure of soybean LOX is the most reported, and four isoenzymes have been isolated (Baysal and Demirdoven 2007). Soy isoenzyme 1 produces 9- and 13-hydroperoxides (1 9) when the enzyme acts on free PUFA at pH 9.0, its optimum pH (Lopez-Nicolas and others 1999). Soy isoenzyme 2 acts on triglycerides as well as free PUFA leading to 9- and 13-hydroperoxide... 

Starch and fatty acids are the main food constituents of biomass. Sugar is derived from starch by hydrolysis or directly by extraction from sugar cane or beet. Fermentation converts sugars into alcohol that can be directly used as fuel, or in principle can be used as the raw material of a bioreftnery plant for further upgrading. Triglycerides, derived from oil seeds, are used to be converted into biodiesel through transesterification processes (Fig. 1.14). 

Vegetable oils or triglycerides obtained from the seeds of various plants are the source of a wide variety of fatty acid esters and derivatives (fatty acids and alcohols) with different molecular structure (chain length, number and position of... 

Onodera s professor at that time was Dr. Bunsuke Suzuki, who later became a Professor of the University of Tokyo and was well known as a lipid investigator. Studies on the structure of fibroin, carbohydrate metabolism, separation of triglycerides from animals and plants, an analytic... 

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