Plants, 192 oxygen produced

Fig. 10-13. The links between the cycling of C, N, and O2 are indicated. Total primary production is composed of two parts. The production driven by new nutrient input to the euphotic zone is called new production (Dugdale and Goering, 1967). New production is mainly in the form of the upward flux of nitrate from below but river and atmospheric input and nitrogen fixation (Karl et al, 1997) are other possible sources. Other forms of nitrogen such as nitrite, ammonia, and urea may also be important under certain situations. The "new" nitrate is used to produce plankton protoplasm and oxygen according to the RKR equation. Some of the plant material produced is respired in the euphotic zone due to the combined efforts...

Algae can be cultivated easily and quickly when compared to plants. They produce very high quantities of carotenoids compared to other sources (3.0 to 5.0% w/w on a dry weight basis). They contain both cis and trans isomers of carotenoids for high bioavailability and bioefflcacy, and also contain oxygenated carotenoids (xantho-phylls), which have greater bioactivity and better anticancer properties. The proteins from Dunaliella biomass can be utilized for bread and other products and whole cells can be utilized for animal, poultry, and fish foods because they are safe. ... 

General data on fire hazards present in industrial oxygen-producing plants are given with details of experimental study of factors involved in combustion of various metals and alloys used in such plant. Safety in selection of materials is discussed [1]. A study of combustion of structural metals (Fe, Al) in oxygen is given [2], See Oxygen (Liquid) Metals... 

Heidenreich JE, Thiemens MH (1983) A non-mass-dependent isotope effect in the production of ozone from molecular oxygen. J Chem Phys 78 892-895 Helman Y, Barkan E, Eisenstadt D, Luz B, Kaplan A (2005) Fractionation of the three stable oxygen isotopes by oxygen producing and consuming reactions in photosynthetic organisms. Plant Phys (2005) 2292-2298... 

In most plants photosynthesis is also strongly inhibited by 02. This observation led to the discovery that 02 competes directly for C02 at the active site of rubisco in a process called photorespiration. Chloroplasts inhibited by oxygen produce glycolate in large amounts2823 as a result of the reaction of the intermediate enediolate ion formed in step b of Eq. 13-48 with 02... 

At one time on Earth, iron was present mostly as iron(II). Later, once plants had produced a significant quantity of oxygen in the atmosphere, the iron became oxidized to iron(III). Show that Fe2+(aq) can be spontaneously oxidized to Fe3+(aq) by 02(g) at 25°C assuming the following reasonable environmental conditions [Fe2+] = [Fe3+] = 1 X 10-7M pH = 7.0 Pq2 = 160 mmHg. 

Natural water has dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Life on earth depends greatly on these dissolved gases. Dissolved oxygen is essential for marine life to survive. Dissolved nitrogen is converted to nitrates by certain plants. Dissolved carbon dioxide is used by marine plants to produce food. 

The carbon dioxide comes from the air, and the water comes from the soil in which the plant grows. When a plant is watered or when it rains, water enters the root and is transported to the leaves by plant cells called xylem. To protect themselves against drying out, leaves have structures called stomata that allow gas to enter and leave. Stoma is from the Greek and means hole. Both carbon dioxide and the oxygen produced during photosynthesis pass in and out of the leaf through the opened stomata. 

This suggested that the plant cells producing shikonin were shear sensitive, which we have confirmed in our laboratory. We investigated plant cell suspension culture under fixed shear conditions. When insoluble oxygen carriers were added, in our case a perfluorocarbon, significant improvements occurred in the cell and product yield. 

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