Plantago species

Bakker M. I., Vorehout M., Sum D. T. H. M., and Kolloffel C., 1999, Dry deposition of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three Plantago species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10 289-2294. 

Bran, a grain milling waste product, and linseed (flaxseed) are both rich in cellulose. Other hydrophilic colloids derive from the seeds of Plantago species or karaya gum. Ingestion of hydrophilic gels for the prophylaxis of constipation usually entails a low risk of side effects. However, with low fluid intake in combination with a pathological bowel stenosis, mucilaginous viscous material could cause bowel occlusion (ileus). 

Plantago species (plantain) Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass)... 

Pilocarpus species (pilocarpus) Piper methysticum (kava kava) Pithecollobium jiringa (jering fruit) Plantago species (plantain) Polygonum (knotweed)... 

Plantain Plantago species 6. Brevoort P. The booming US botanical market. A new ... 

Occupational exposure to Plantago species has resulted in sensitization, with symptoms ranging from rhinitis and lacrimation to more severe respiratory compromise. This problem arises in a more serious form among the personnel of pharmaceutical factories processing psyllium (SEDA-16, 426), and eosinophilia has also been recorded. The allergen appears to reside in the endosperm or embryonic seed components and not in the husk, which is the laxative component in principle, therefore, it shonld be feasible to supply a non-antigenic form of purified psylhum husk (SEDA-17, 423). 

Plantago species have traditionally been used for many purposes in folk medicine (1,2). Plantain seeds are widely used as bulk laxatives under the names of psyllium (from Plantago psyllium or Plantago indica) and ispa-ghula (from Plantago ovatd). They are covered in the monograph on laxatives. 

A new alkaloid, methyl boschniakinate (24), was isolated from the two Plantago species, P. arenaria and P. psyllium (61). The alkaloid was charac-... 

Plantagonine (30a), indicaine (30b), and indicamine have been obtained from Plantago psyllium as well as other Plantago species. Both (+ )-indicaine and (+ )-boschniakine were believed to possess gross structure (30a) and to differ... 

Nishibe, S. Ono, K. Nakane, H. Kawamura, T. Noro, Y. Tanaka, T. Studies of the Plantaginis herba. 9. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoids from Plantago Species on HIV Reverese Transcriptase Activity. Nat. Med. 1997, 51, 547-549. 

Chiang LC, Ng LT, Chiang W, Chang MY, Lin CC (2003) Immunomodulatory activities of flavonoids, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds of Plantago species. Planta Med 69 600-604... 

Traditional Medicine. Used in the United States and Europe, primarily as a bulk laxative to treat chronic constipation also used as an emoUient and demulcent. Fresh leaves of Plantago species applied topically for poison ivy, insect bites and stings an uncontrolled study reported that use of the fresh leaves prevented itching and spread of dermatitis in poison ivy-induced dermatitis. ... 

In China both the seeds and whole herbs of related Plantago species (e.g., P. asiatica L. and P. depressa Willd.) are used for similar purposes. In addition, the seeds are used to treat hematuria (bloody urine), coughing, high blood pressure (with ca. 50% success in clinical trials), and other ailments. The seeds used in Chinese medicine are often specially treated by frying with saltwater before drying these cannot be directly compared with the psyllium seeds used in the United States... 

Seeds of psyllium and other Plantago species as well as their roots, juice, leaves, and... 

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