Hydrocarbons, atmosphere polycyclic aromatic

Gimeno R.A. et al., 2002. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection in seawater and sediment samples. J Chromatogr A 958 141. 

Bakker M. I., Vorehout M., Sum D. T. H. M., and Kolloffel C., 1999, Dry deposition of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three Plantago species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10 289-2294. 

Hites, R. A. "Sources and Fates of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons" This Symposium. 

Baek, S. O., R. A. Field, M. E. Goldstone, P. W. Kirk, J. N. Lester, and R. Perry, A Review of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sources, Fate, and Behavior, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 60, 279-300 (1991a). 

Benner, B. A., Jr., G. E. Gordon, and S. A. Wise, Mobile Sources of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons A Roadway Tunnel Study, Environ. Sci. Technol, 23, 1269-1278 (1989). 

Harrison, R. M., D. J. T. Smith, and L. Luhana, Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Collected from an Urban Location in Birmingham, U.K., Em-iron. Sci. Technoi, 30, 825-832 (1996). 

Freeman, D.J. Cattell, F. C. R. (1990). Woodburning as a source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental Science Technology, 24, 1581-5. 

Yamasaki, H., K. Kuwata, and H. Miyamoto. 1982. Effects of ambient temperature on aspects of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 189-194. 

Park, S.S., Kim, Y.J., Kang, C.H., 2002b. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Seoul, Korea. Atmos. Environ. 36, 2917-2924. 

Baek, S.O., Field, R.A., Goldstone, M.E., Kirk, P.W., Lester, J.N., Perry, R., 1991. A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Source, fate and behavior. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 60, 279-300. 

Harrison, R.M., Smith, D.J.T., Luhana, L., 1996. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, U.K. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 825-832. 

Hafner, W.D., Carlson, D.L., et al. (2005) Influence of local human population on atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(19) 7374-7379. 

Benner BA Jr, Gordon GE, Wse SA. 1989. Mobile sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons A roadway tunnel study. Environ Sci Technol 23 1269-1278. 

Kakimoto H, Matsumoto Y, Sakai S, Kanoh F, Arashidani K, Tang N (2002) Comparison of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in... 

Ohura T, Amagai T, Fusaya M et al (2004) Spatial distributions and profiles of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two industrial cities in Japan. Environ Sci Technol... 

Ravindra, K., Sokhi, R. Grieken, R.V. 2008. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmospheric Environment 42 2895-2921. 

Hassan, S.K. (2006). Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some Heavy Metals in suspended particulate matter in urban. Industrial and Residential areas in Greater Cairo. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. 

Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Shen, Y., Wang, K., Hu, L., Wang, X. (2008). Dry deposition of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the southeast suburb of Beijing, Atmospheric Research, 89,138—148. 

Zmirou, D., Masclet, P., Boudet, C., Dor, F., Dechenaux, J. (2000). Personal exposure to atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a general adult population and lung cancer risk assessment. J Occup Environ Health, 42, 121-125. 

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment is of obvious concern and, apart from specific occupational environments, human exposure to these compounds derives from combustion products released into the atmosphere. Estimates of the total annual benzo[aJpyrene emissions in the United States range from 900 tons (19) to about 1300 tons (20). These totals are derived from heat and power generation (37-38%), open-refuse burning (42-46%), coke production (15-19%) and motor vehicle emissions (1-1.5%) (19,20). Since the vast majority of these emissions are from stationary sources, local levels of air pollution obviously vary. Benzo[aJpyrene levels of less than 1 pg/1,000 m correspond to clean air (20). At this level, it can be estimated that the average person would inhale about 0.02 pg of benzo[aJpyrene per day, and this could increase to 1.5 pg/day in polluted air (21). 

Cramer J (1973) Model of the circulation of DDT on Earth. Atmospheric Environment 7 241-256 Cziudaj G (2005) Die Rolle der Ozeane bei der globalen Verteilung von organischen Schadstoffen PCB als Modellsubstanzen. PhD thesis, Christian Albrechts University Kiel Dachs J, Bayona JM, Fowler SW, Miquel J, Albaiges J (1996) Vertical fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds in the western Alboran Sea (southwestern Mediterranean). Marine Chemistry 52 75-86... 

Behymer, T.D., Hites, R.A. (1985) Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on simulated atmospheric particulates. 

Chen, J., Quan, X., Yan, Y., Yang, F., Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M. (2001) Quantitative structure-property relationship studies on direct photolysis of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosol. Chemosphere 42, 263-270. 

---