Place conditioning effect

Mucha, Ronald F. 1987. Is the Motivational Effect of Opiate Withdrawal Reflected by Common Somatic Indices of Precipitated Withdrawal A Place-Conditioning Study in the Rat." Brain Research 418 214-20. 

When nonconformances occur, the corrective action plan is activated. Anyone seeing the need for corrective action is responsible for reporting the problem to the proper supervisor or manager. Merely correcting the particular unsatisfactory product does not achieve corrective action. If possible, the root cause of the unsatisfactory condition is determined, and a proposed remedy is put in place. The effectiveness of the corrective action is verified. 

Two other behavioral procedures have been used extensively to investigate delta agonist effects that may be related to reinforcement. One of these procedures, place conditioning, typically uses an experimental apparatus that consists of two or more compartments separated by removable barriers... 

Hoffman DC, Donovan H (1995) Effects of typical, atypical, and novel antipsychotic drugs on amphetamine-induced place conditioning in rats. Drug Dev Res 36 193-198... 

Khroyan TV, Baker DA, Neisewander JL (1995) Dose-dependent effects of the D3-preferring agonist 7-OH-DPAT on motor behaviors and place conditioning. Psychopharmacology 122 351-357... 

Pain L, Oberling P, Sandner G, Di Scala G (1997) Effect of midazolam on propofol-induced positive affective state assessed by place conditioning in rats. Anesthesiol 87 935-943... 

Steinpreis RE, Kramer MA, Mix KS, Piwowarczyk MC (1995) The effects of MK801 on place conditioning. Neurosci Res 22 427-430... 

Hoffman DC, Beninger RI (1989) The effects of selective dopamine Dl or D2 receptor antagonists on the establishment of agonist-induced place conditioning in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33 273-279. 

Mackey WB, van der Kooy D (1985) Neuroleptics block the positive reinforcing effects of amphetamine but not of morphine as measured by place conditioning. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22 101-105. 

Under great volume consumption rates of melts in the same experiments, an interesting effect was observed the extrudate became narrowed at the channel slit size 1.9 x 9.9 mm. The extrudate was 2 mm thick but only 5.5 + 0.5 mm wide. Reduction of the extrudate cross-section means transfer to a multilayer flow. It can be assumed that this phenomenon is caused by the existence of temperature cross-gradients along the channel section. This leads to a non-linear distribution of speed gradients and tensions over the channel section and along the flow axis, that in some places conditions for the melts-cohesion disintegration exist (see Sect. 4.4). 

When it is necessary to heat fats to keep them fluid, heat should be applied to line, pumps, and tanks. Although insulation may be used to retain the necessary amount of heat, the abihty to apply heat in emergency situations is most desirable. Occasionally, even when shortenings are held above their apparent melting point, hard fractions will separate or seed out or fractionation will take place. In effect, the composition of the fat changes in different levels in the tank and possibly can block the lines. Application of heat and agitation may be necessary to correct the problem. It is recommended that experimentation on the product be carried out at the projected temperatures and times to ensure that this problem will not occur under operating conditions in the plant. 

When the porous channels have dimensions large compared to the gaseous mean-free-path, ordinary type diffusion will take place. The effective diffusion coefficient will extrapolate to other conditions in the same manner as the gaseous diffusion coefficient (formulae 25a,b,c). Particularly, it will be a function of gas pressure. 

Palladium-catalyzed reaction of dienol 80 in acetone in the presence of acetic acid and benzoquinone resulted in an intramolecular 1,4-oxyacetoxylation (Scheme 8-28) [107], The stereochemistry of the reaction can be controlled via a slight variation of the ligand environment. Thus, under chloride-ion-free conditions, a rrawj-oxyacetoxylation occurs. Usually this reaction is highly stereoselective (>98% tram addition), except m = n = 2 in Scheme 8-28, where the tramlcis ratio is 75 25. When the reaction is run in the presence of a catalytic amount of chloride, the stereochemistry is reversed and now a 1,4-cts-oxyacetoxylation takes place. The effect of the chloride is the same as discussed above, i.e., it blocks the coordination of acetate so that cis migration by acetate cannot occur. 

The administration of cannabinoid agonists can produce both rewarding and aversive/dysphoric effects in the place conditioning paradigm, depending on the dose and the experimental conditions. Thus, THC produced place preference in rats when administered at low doses and when animals were exposed to a 24-h washout period between the two THC conditioning sessions (Lepore et al. 1995). THC also... 

The choice of starting conditions effectively determines what we are trying to describe. The complete phase space (i.e. aU possible values of positions and velocities for aU particles) is huge, and we will only be able to describe a small part of it. Our choice of starting conditions determines which part of the phase space we sample, for example which (structural or conformational) isomer or chemical reaction we can describe. There are many structural isomers with the molecular formula CeH, but if we want to study benzene, we should place the nuclei in a hexagonal pattern, and start them with relatively low velocities. 

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