Pipes/piping

Temperature, Pipe Pipe Pipe equip- equip- and flat... 

Sigma Phase 800/1600"F Brittleness at Tubes, pipe, piping Austenitic steels. Precipitation of iron- Employ alloy... 

Infiltration The seepage of groundwater into a sewer system, including service connections. Seepage frequently occurs through defective or cracked pipes, pipe joints, connections or manhole walls. 

P Injection, blow, extrusion and rotational Pipe, pipe fittings, surgical implants, coatings, wire and cable insulation... 

Standard pipe Pipe used for low-pressure applications such as trans-... 

Drums and towers, 6 m and less in diameter, constructed of pipe, pipe fittings or equivalent, do not require PR valves for protection against fire, on the basis that piping is not provided with protection against overpressure from this contingency. PR valves are required on such vessels, however, if overpressure can result from contingencies other than fire. 

No No Flow Excess ammonia in reactor. Release to work area. 1. Valve A fails closed. 2. Phosphoric acid supply exhausted. 3. Plug in pipe pipe ruptures. Automatic closure of valve B on loss of flow from phosphoric acid supply... 

Distilling a crude oil starts by preheating the feed by exchange with the hot product streams. The feed is further heated to about 320°C as it passes through the heater pipe (pipe still heater). 

HDPE is important for producing bottles and hollow objects by blow molding. Approximately 64% of all plastic bottles are made from HDPE. Injection molding is used to produce solid objects. Another important market for HDPE is irrigation pipes. Pipes made from HDPE... 

Rolled, molded or cut to shape as annular cylinders for the insulation of pipes. Pipe sections are made in one or two segments but occasionally in three or four. Sizes are available for most steel and copper pipes of up to approximately 1120 mm outside diameter. 

Plastic pipes Pipes made from plastic materials such as unplasticised p.v.c.. Polythene, ABS and GRP are now widely used for carrying domestic cold water, wastes and rain water. Joining varies according to pipe diameter and service condition, but is generally relatively simple (see Section 18.6). 

The method of calculating frictional losses is described in Chapter 2. It may be noted here that losses occur as the fluid flows through the plain pipe, pipe fittings (bends, valves), and at expansions and contractions such as into and out of vessels. 

Hardness testing shall be conducted for welding and brazing procedure qualification tests, hot and cold bent formed piping, pipe components, production weldments, and brazements. 

Construction Bathtubs, shower stalls, hot tubs, spas, cultured marble, building panels, swimming pools, floor grating, doors, electrical boxes and cabinets, countertops, sinks, tanks, pipes, pipe linings, concrete rebar, bridges, concrete forming pans... 

Hot water and steam pipes in some older homes may be covered with an asbestos-containing material, primarily as thermal insulation to reduce heat loss, and to protect nearby surfaces from the hot pipes. Pipes may also be wrapped in an asbestos blanket or asbestos paper tape. 

Standard pipe Pipe used for low-pressure applications such as transporting air, steam, gas, water, oil, etc. Employed in machinery, buildings, sprinkler and irrigation systems, and water wells but not in utility distribution systems can transport fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures not subjected to external heat applications. Fabricated in standard diameters and wall thicknesses to ASTM specifications, its diameters range from Vi to 42 in. OD. 

Industrial fermentors, as well as pipings, pipe fittings, and valves, and all parts that come into contact with the culture media and sterilized air are usually constructed from stainless steel. All ofthe inside surfaces should be smooth and easily polished in order to help maintain aseptic conditions. All fermentors (other than the glass type) must incorporate glass windows for visual observation. Naturally, all fermentors should have a variety of fluid inlets and outlets, as well as ports for sampling and instrument insertion. Live steam is often used to sterilize the inside surfaces of the fermentor, pipings, fittings, and valves. 

Pressure surges occur in liquid service as the violent, multiple closing cycles cause water hammer and place undue stress on companion piping, piping supports, connections, internal components in pressure vessels, instrumentation, and so on. 

The Crane Company, Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Pipe Friction Data Table, Crane Technical Paper No. 410, King of Prussia, PA, 1988, p. A-26. 

---