Pinus pinaster

L. Gea, L. Normand, B. Vian, and G. Gay, Structural aspects of ectomycorrhiza of Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol. formed by an lAA-overproducer mutant of Heheloma cylindrosporuni Romagnesi. New Phytol. 128 659 (1994). 

C. Arrabal, M. Cortijo, B. Fernandez de Simon, M. C. GarciaVallejo, E. Cadahia, Differentiation among five Spanish Pinus pinaster provenances based on its oleoresin terpenic composition, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 33, 1007 1016 (2005). 

Seedlings of stone pine, Pinus pinea and maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, exposed to nutrient solutions containing 0.4 (controls) 4,40, or 200 pg Cu/L for as long as 4 weeks ... 

Arduini, I., D.L. Godbold, and A. Onnis. 1995. Influence of copper on root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. Tree Physiol. 15 411-415. 

Sebe, G. and De Jeso, B. (2000). The dimensional stabilisation of maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster) by chemical reaction with organosiUcon compounds. Holzforschung, 54(5), 474-480. 

Sebe, G., Tingaut, P., Safou-Tchiama, R., Petrand, M., Grelier, S. and De Jeso, B. (2004). Chemical reaction of maritime pine sapwood Pinus pinaster Soland) with alkoxysilane molecnles a study of chemical pathways. Holzforschung, 58(5), 511-518. 

The anthocyanin is malvidin-3,5-diglucoside (Fluka), and the tannins are a sample of leucoanthocyanins extracted from the bark of the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). The products are not identical to the natural grape pigments nevertheless, it may be assumed that the observed facts correlate, as a first approximation, with red wine color and its changes. 

The most abundant terpene in nature is a-pinene (119) which is industrially obtained by fractional distillation of turpentine [68]. (+)-a-Pinene occurs, for example, in oil from Pinus palustris Mill, at concentrations of up to 65% oil from Pinus pinaster Soland. and American oil from Pinus caribaea contain 70% and 70-80% resp. of the (-)-isomer [26]. 

Knicker, H., Gonzalez-Vila, F. J., Polvillo, O., Gonzalez, J. A., and Almendros, G. (2005). Fire-induced transformation of C- and N-forms in different organic soil fractions from a Dystric Cambisol under a Mediterranean pine forest (Pinus pinaster). Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 701-718. 

Arabidopsis thaliana Nicotiana tabacum Solanum tuberosum Stellaria longipes Helianthus annuus Trit icum aes t ivum Pinus pinaster Lycopodium tristachyum Rhodotorula mucilaginos. Anabaena variabilis Nos toc punc t i f orme Conserved sites Conserved sites (plants)... 

Pine nuts (pinon or pignolia) are the edible seeds within the pine cone of several varieties of pine trees (Pinus sp.) but most commonly Pinus pinea or stone pine . Pine nuts are harvested all over the world, most notably in Russia, China, North Korea, Spain, Italy, and Turkey, among others. Pine nuts contain 48-61% lipids by weight (1, 60). Other constiments of pine nut include carbohydrate (19.3%), protein (11.6%), water (5.9%), and ash (2.2%) (1). Pine nut oil contains predominantly linoleic acid (46.4%) and oleic acid (38.1%). Maritime pine nut Pinus pinaster) oil also contains two fatty acids that are unique among tree nut oils pinoleic acid and sciadonic acid (Figure 2), which exist at 7% each in pine nut oU and may have antiatherogenic effects (Table 8) (63). The phenolic acid composition of defatted pine nut meal is given in Table 2 and shows that caffeic acid is the predominant phenolic compound (14). 

Casarin, V., Plassard, C., Hinsinger, P., and Arvieu, J. C. (2004). Quantification of ectomycorrhizal fungal effects on the bioavailability and mobilisation of soil P in the rhizosphere of Pinus pinaster. New Phytol. 163, 177-185. 

Galipot 4331 The crude turpentine oleoresln formed as an exudation upon the bark of the cluster oine (Pinus pinaster) in southern Europe,... 

Terebintliinae aetheroleum T. rectifiaitum aeth. Turpentine oil Pinus palustris MILLER Pinus pinaster AITON et al. OAB 90, Helv VII, BP 88, MD (resin), Japan Distillate of turpentine (oleoresin) from various Pinus ssp. S0% 90% TllC (a-, p pinene, limonene, phellandrene) auloxidation produces a-pinene peroxides and subsequently verbenol and pinol hydrate (=sorbenol)... 

Figure 25. On-going remediation and revegetation program of the Barren Jales gold mine spoil (Portugal). Vegetation establishment on the treated spoil was successful with Holcus lanatus the 1st year and Pinus pinaster the 2nd year after in situ As inactivation by the co-amendment of steel shots, beringite, and municipal compost. Adapted from Mench et al. (2002) and Bleeker et al. (2002).

Monoterpene biosynthesis has been studied in conifers using labeled precursors such as carbon dioxide, acetate and mevalonate (63,64). Specifically labeled precursors have been employed to deduce mechanistic features of a-plnene (65,66) and 3-carene (67,68) biosynthesis in pine species. Glelzes and co-workers (69) have argued, by way of time-course studies, that the initial formation of acyclic hydrocarbons (oclmene, myrcene) from C02 in Pinus pinaster needles indicated that these olefins serve as precursors to cyclic monoterpenes (a-plnene, 8-pinene) by a reversible protonatlon mechanism. These suggestions, however, are without precedent, and run counter to direct evidence demonstrating that the cyclizatlon of geranyl pyrophosphate occurs without the involvement of free intermediates (17). 

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