Pinaceae needle oils

Pinaceae needle oils from Pinaceae species contain (—)-bornyl acetate as their main odoriferous component. Other main constituents are monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a- and /3-pinene, limonene, 3-carene, and a- and /3-phellandrene [713-718b]. The oils are used in perfumes for soap, bath products, and air fresheners and in pharmaceutical preparations. 

Fir Needle Oil, Canadian Type, occurs as a colorless to faintly yellow liquid with a pleasant, balsamic odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from needles and twigs of Abies balsamea L., Mill (Fam. Pinaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils and in mineral oil. It is slightly soluble in propylene glycol, but it is insoluble in glycerin. 

Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles- Oil of mountain pine Pinus Montana oil Pinus pumilio oil. Volatile oil from fresh leaves of Pinus montana Mill. (P. pumilio Haenke), Pinaceae. Constit. i-Pinene, f-phellandrene, sylvestrene, dipenteue, cadinene, 5-7% homy I acetate. 

Oil of Fir—Siberian, Oil of pine oleum abjetis Siberian pine needle oil. Volatile oil from fresh leaves of Abies sibirica Ledeb., Pinaceae. Constit About 40% esters calculated as borny] acetate pinene, camphene, dipantene, and phellandrene. 

Oil of Pine Needles. Oil of Scotch fir fir-wood nit. Volatile oil from Pi ruts sylvestris L, Pinaceae. Constit Dipentene, pinene, sylvestrene. cadinene. 3-3.5% borny] acetate. 

Fir and pine needle oils. General term for the "essential oils, obtained by steam distillation from needles (branch tips, young shoots) of various Pinaceae species of the genera Pinus, Abies, Picea, and Tsuga. They mostly possess a fresh, resiny odor and consist mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as pi-nenes, phellandrenes (see p-menthadienes), cam-phene, myrcene, 3- carene, and limonene (see p-menthadienes). The component mainly responsible for the odor is (-)-bornyl acetate (C12H20O2, Mr 196.29) which can be present, as in Siberian pine needle oil, to more than 30%. The oils are used in the production of perfumes for men, for perfuming household articles like cleaners, bath products, sauna oils, and in pharmaceutical preparations such as anti-rheumatic oint-... 

PROP Found in the needles and twigs of Abies halsamea L. MiU (Earn. Pinaceae) (FCTXAV 13,449,75). Colorless to faintly yellow liquid pleasant odor. Sol in fixed oils, mineral oil sidy sol in propylene glycol insol in glycerin. 

These are essential oils from the needles and branch tips of Abies, Pieea and Piiius species (4%-10%, Pinaceae family). ... 

OH nf Fir. Oil of silver pine oil of silver fir. Volatile oil from needles and young twigs of Abies alba Mill. (A. picea Lindl., A pectinata DC,), Pinaceae, Constit f-Pinene, i-]imonene, i-borny] acetate. 

Borneol is a component in many essential oils, for example, oils of Pinaceae, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Artemisia species (Bornscheuer et al., 2014). Cinnamomum camphora chemotype borneol and Blumea balsamifera, which are rich in (+)- and (-)-borneol, respectively, are used as sources for preparation of bing plan, a drug of traditional Chinese medicine hao et al., 2012). Moreover, borneol is used giving soaps, perfumes, and other products a scent of spruce needles. In vitro studies with rat liver microsomes could provide evidence for four metabolites (Figure 9.1) (Zhang et al., 2008). The main metabolite, camphor, could also be detected in rat plasma (Sun et al., 2014). 

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