Pigmented skin

The inner part of the forearm and the upper back may be used for intradermal injections. The area should be hairless areas near moles, scars, or pigmented skin areas should be avoided. The nurse should cleanse the area in the same manner as for SC and IM injections. 

Dark skin is a commonly used phrase to describe people of color. Other terms used to describe darker skin types include ethnic skin, brown skin, and pigmented skin. The unifying feature represented is pigmented skin (i.e., shades of tan, olive, brown, and black). Such individuals are often classified as Fitzpatrick s skin types IV through VI. These individuals represent many of the faces of North America, South America, Africa, the Caribbean, Asia, Malaysia, and Australia. 

There is minimal published data on the use of combination peeling protocols in deeply pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-Vl). The author has reported the efficacy of combination peeling with salicylic acid 20 and 30% in combination with 10% TCA for recalcitrant melasma patients. This peeling regimen was well tolerated with minimal side effects in darker racial ethnic groups (see Salicylic acid/TCA peel section). 

Lightly pigmented skin Persistent area of reddened skin. 

Heavily pigmented skin Persistent area of red-, blue-, or purple-toned skin. 

Explosives, dyes, pigments, Skin irritants, cause cyanosis and... 

Cholestatic jaundice, skin pigmentation, skin rashes, photosensitivity Drug interactions... 

A 63-year-old woman developed maculopapular pigmented skin lesions on the face, neck, and forearms after several years histology showed a lichenoid dermatitis. 

Clarithromycin has been associated with fixed dmg emp-tions and hypersensitivity reactions (41,42). In one case a clarithromycin-induced fixed drug eruption was reproduced by oral provocation, whereas patch tests on both unaffected and residual pigmented skin were negative (43). 

Clarys P, Barel A. Efficacy of topical treatment of pigmentation skin disorders with plant hydroquinone glucosides as assessed by quantitative color analysis. J Dermatol 1998 25(6) 412-14. 

Chronic megadoses of niacin may be associated with hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, cystoid maculopathy, myopathy, peptic ulcers, and hyperkeratotic pigmented skin lesions. These problems may occur with doses exceeding 3gday. ... 

Geter, D.R., W.E. Hawkins, J.C. Means and G.K. Ostrander. Pigmented skin tumors in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianuni) from the south-central United States range extension and further etiological studies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 2282—2287, 1998. 

Incontinentia pigment is an X-linked disorder that is lethal in utero for affected males. The findings vary in females and include pigmented skin lesions, dental abnormalities, patchy areas of alopecia, and mental retardation. Approximately 45% of cases are the result of new mutations. Which of the following descriptions of incontinentia pigmenti is most accurate ... 

Fig. 4 Pigmented skin creases in patient with primary adrenal insufficiency.

Clofazimine is used cautiously in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and during pr nancy (Ptegnancy Cat iy C) and lactation. If clofazimine is used during pr nancy, the infant may be bom with pigmented skin. No significant dmg dmg interactions are associated with the use of clofazimine. 

Pigmented allergic contact dermatitis as described by Osmundsen (1970 a). A similar clinical picture occurs in Asians, caused mainly by colors and fragrances (Nakayama et al. 1974), and appears similar to Riehl s melanosis with pruritic pigmented skin without eczematous changes (Sugai et al. 1977). 

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