Pictures of structures

Digital x rays can be modified electronically to increase contrast, display certain structures in color or three dimensions, or subtract areas that interfere, allowing clearer pictures of structures such as veins and arteries. Very small differences in density may be amplified for even clearer viewing. This may be important in cases in which a contrast medium is injected into veins or arteries enhancing small differences allows the use of smaller amounts of the contrast medium, lessening the danger to patients. 

Studies of epoxy-amine polymers, considered in the present article, offer a rather clear picture of structure-properties relationships for many properties of network polymers depending on their chemical composition in the glassy state near Tg and in the rubbery state. Mechanical properties in the rubbery state at a given chemical composition depend on network topology. 

The following are our conclusions Large-angle X-ray scattering studies give us an accurate picture of structures up to 9 A. They do not allow the specification of defects, such as random ruptures of the chains. The structural models defined are strongly supported by magnetic measurements. 

Rihs, G.,Walter, H. R., unpublished results, picture of structure given in Ref. [95]. 

It has been shown that double deuteration on an unmethylated double bond reduces the quantum yield of CTI in the triplet state not only around the particular double bond but also around the neighboring double bonds. The results are in agreement with the picture of structural changes in butadiene that was theoretically predicted by Ohmine and Morokuma [11,12]. The effect is the strongest in the central part of the conjugated chain. This dynamic triplet-excited region seems to be confined within the central double bonds including C7=C8, C9=C10, and 01=12. 

Fig. (10). Schematic picture of structural features favoring anti-HIV-1 integrase activity...

The information summarized in the preceding section provides a good basic framework for assessing the consequences of selected structural modification on expression of vitamin D activity. Available data from all assays are sufficiently consistent to serve as a useful and reasonably reliable guide for future synthetic efforts designed to produce compounds with specific biological properties, and the chemical work, in turn, can be expected to add many of the details currently missing from our picture of structure/activity relationships. 

FIGURE 8.33 schematic picture of structure formation in polycarbonate modified with Cu/C nanocomposites in concentrations 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% (From left to the right), 20-mcm magnification. 

This chapter aims to give an insight into the discovery of the triketone class of herbicides and their continuing development. A very qualitative picture of structure-activity relationships will be discussed and currently commercialized triketones, in terms of their use, weed spectrum, crop selectivity, environmental and toxicological profiles, and manufacture will be described. This chapter also contains an overview of the major companies activities in the field in the last two decades, focusing on compounds that are likely to be brought to the market, or were putatively close to development. 

Figure 1. Temperature distribution (top picture) and collapsed shape (bottom picture) of structural support of a refinery pressure vessel.

However, as pointed out by Tanner (2003), the stress law of (4.24) over simplifies the real picture of structure. The additive rule envisages parallel components of amorphous and crystalline phase at each point. Photographs of crystallizing polypropylene such as those shown by Koscher and Fulchiron (2002) and many others do not support this assumption. 

J. Hermans In your presentation you made a comment about the need to discard the static picture of structures given us by crystallographers for a dynamic concept. Let me point out that precise structural information obtained by crystallographers is the basis of the construction of the detailed C—P—K models which you used in your work. 

Fig. 6.18 SEM picture of structures close to the surface of a 2 mm particle formed from a 10wt% solution of mannite in water. The solution was dripped into a bath of liquid nitrogen, suddenly frozen and dried afterwards...

The following account of some RMS studies clearly sets out a clearer picture of structure in these microporous carbons. 

Among various vanadia-based catalysts, the vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPOs) have been proved to be excellent catalysts for selective O- and N-insertion reactions of aliphatic and methylaromatics, in particular for the oxidation of -butane to maleic anhydride and the ammoxidation of methylaromatics and heteroaromatics to their corresponding aldehydes and nitriles [12,44,59-65], Various VPO precursors of different structure and vanadium valence state were studied in recent years with an aim to elucidate their reaction behavior and to improve their catalytic performance in the earlier mentioned processes. Regarding the nature of active phase in these catalysts and the way its structure influences the catalytic activity and selectivity of these catalysts, comprehensive investigations were made by direct observation of the catalysts under reaction conditions with the help of various spectroscopic in situ methods. More recently, a comprehensive picture of structure-reactivity relationship for the industrially important ammoxidation of toluene to benzonitrile was demonstrated experimentally for VPO catalysts [5] ... 

For online droplet size determination the camera system PL-A 741 from PixeLINK was used. For observation of the morphology, the Motion to Y4 M Speed 2 from IDT with exposure times in the range of microseconds was used. The cameras were both operated with the lens Optem Zoom 125C from Qioptiq Sharp. Exact pictures of structures on the droplet surface were obtained with short exposure times of 1 ps to overcome the restrictions by the movement and occasional rotation of the droplet. 

The complex picture of structural response shown by the IDA curves can be significantly simphfied by summarizing them into the 16/50/ 84 % fractUe curves shown in Fig. 3. This is simply the determination of the 16/50/84 % percentile values of EDP at each level of the IM, taking horizontal cross sections of the IDA curves or, equivalently, the 84/50/16 % percentiles of the IM given the EDP when vertical cross sections are assumed instead. The three curves of Fig. 3 thus provide the full characterization of the distribution of structural response via the central... 

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