Phytoplankton production/productivity

Chisholm S. W. and Morel, F. M. M. (eds) (1991). What controls phytoplankton production in nutrient-rich areas of the open sea Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1507-1965. 

Falkowski, P. G., Greene, R. and Geider, R. (1992). Physiological limitations on phytoplankton productivity in the ocean. Oceanography 5, 84-91. 

Roach WJ, Grimm NB (2009) Nutrient variation in an urban lake chain and its consequences for phytoplankton production. J Environ Qual 38 1429-1440... 

Chlorophylls and other pigments have been frequently investigated in marine samples. As the amount of chlorophyll may be used as a marker for phytoplankton production its determination is of paramount importance in sea research [274], HPLC data have been used for the study of phytoplankton community structure [275] and for the indentification of phytoplankton groups [276], Earlier advances in HPLC pigment analysis have been reviewed [277],... 

Martin, J.H., and R.M. Gordon. 1988. Northeast Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton productivity. Deep-Sea Research 35 177-196. 

Martin JH, Gordon RM (1988) Nordieast Pacific iron disfi ibutions in relation to phytoplankton productivity. 

There is also a great need to measure DON with accuracy. DON is the primary form of nitrogen in much of the surface ocean and may limit phytoplankton production in many areas. The difficulty in measuring DON is largely analytical, and accurate values for deep water will only be obtained after new direct DON methods are developed. Measurement of certain forms of DON is probably more important for understanding the global carbon cycle than is knowledge of concentrations for most trace metals. 

Chesapeake Bay, USA, is the largest estuary on Earth and almost all of the arsenic entering the headwaters is As(V). Although inorganic As(V) is consistently the most abundant arsenic species in the estuary, extensive arsenic reduction and methylation occur during warm months (Sanders, Riedel and Osman, 1994), 295 (Millward et al., 1997), 53. The appearance of As(III) and methylarsenic species correlates well with phytoplankton production. Similar seasonal patterns involving arsenic reduction and methylation are seen in other estuaries (Sanders, Riedel and Osman, 1994), 295. 

The discharge of organic pollutants into lakes or declines in the concentrations of copper, zinc, and other heavy metal toxins may promote the growth of phytoplankton (e.g. algal blooms ). Greater biological activity may then increase anoxic conditions in lake bottoms, which stimulate the reductive dissolution of (oxy)(hydr)oxides and increase the mobilization of arsenic. In particular, Martin and Pedersen (2002) concluded that reduced discharges of copper, zinc, and nickel to Balmer Lake, Ontario, Canada, increased phytoplankton production and arsenic mobility in the lake. 

Standing stocks of the food components in water outside the kelp-bed system were set to zero under upwelling conditions when cool, clear water enters the kelp bed from below the photic zone. Under downwelling conditions phytoplankton becomes an important component of the suspended matter, and the value of 0.237 gN m 2 was used, equivalent to the mean daily phytoplankton production, calculated from Newell and Field (1983 a). 

Shannon, L.V. and Field, 3.G., 1985. The relation between phytoplankton production and pelagic fish in the South Benguela region. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. (in press). 

C from Furnas et al. (1976) for phytoplankton production and from the organic P reported by Nixon (1981) for rivers and sewage using a C P ratio of 106 1 by atoms. Total N and P inputs from Nixon (1981). Sewage includes urban runoff. Metals from rivers and sewage measured by Hunt (unpublished report). Cu in rivers also includes data for small rivers and smaller sewage treatment plants reported by Hoffman and Quinn (1989). Metals from atmosphere estimated from data for nearby areas summarized by Nixon and Lee (in press). Hydrocarbons from Hoffman and Quinn (1989), and E. Hoffman (pers. comm, as reported in Santschi et al. in press) include Mt Hope Bay inputs and area. 

Hama, T., and T. Honjo. 1987. Phytoplankton products and nutrient availability in phytoplankton population from Gokasho Bay, Japan. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 112 251-266. 

Twiss, M. R., J. C. Auclair, and M. N. Charlton. 2000. An investigation into iron-stimulated phytoplankton productivity in epipelagic Lake Erie during thermal stratification using trace metal clean techniques. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 86-95. 

Cole, B. E., and J. E. Cloern. 1984. Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 17 15-24. 

Cole, J. J., N. F. Caraco, and B. Peierls. 1989. Phytoplankton production in the mid-Hudson. Hudson River Foundation Report 003/027/1987A 1-36. 

Harding, L. W. J., B. W. Meeson, and T. R. J. Fisher. 1986. Phytoplankton production in two east coast estuaries Photosynthesis-light functions and patterns of carbon assimilation in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 23 773-806. 

Pennock, J. R., and J. H. Sharp. 1986. Phytoplankton production in the Delaware Estuary Temporal and spatial variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 34 143-155. 

Saha, L. C., S. K. Choudhary, and N. K. Singh. 1985. Factors affecting phytoplankton productivity and density in the River Ganges at Bhagalpur, India. Geobios 12 63-65. 

IJA is the rate of decomposition of detritus in environment A kA is the kinematical coefficient of vertical diffusion is the velocity of nutrient assimilation by the photosynthetic process per unit of phytoplankton production ef is the proportional part of the eth radionuclide that is chemically analogous to B6 A on substrate A H is the rate of input flow of the eth radionuclide 7) is the rate of exchange with the environment p is that part of biomass losses due to exchange that transforms into nutrients (Legendre and Legendre, 1998) and f3v is upwelling velocity. Equation (6.1) is the basic element of block NM. 

Phytoplankton production RpA in environment A is a function of solar radiation Ea, concentration of nutrients nA, temperature TA, phytoplankton biomass pA, and concentration of pollutants A. There are many models that describe the photosynthesis process (Legendre and Legendre, 1998 Legendre and Krapivin, 1992). For the description of this function in the present study, an equation of Michaelis-Menten type is used (block MFB) ... 

Equation (6.3) adequately fits laboratory data. Relationships (6.4) and (6.5) make the description of phytoplankton production more accurate for critical environmental conditions when the concentration of nutrients and the temperature fluctuate widely. The coefficients of these relationships are defined on the basis of estimates given by Legendre and Legendre (1998). 

Equation 17.26 is directly involved in DOM photomineralization, and Equation 17.25 yields Fe2+. Complexation of Fe(III) by organic ligands is in competition with the precipitation of ferric oxide colloids [79], and the formation of ferrous iron on photolysis of Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes is an important factor in defining the bioavailability of iron in aquatic systems. Iron bioavailabihty, minimal for the oxides and maximal for Fe2+, is considerably enhanced by the formation of Fe(III)-organic complexes and their subsequent photolysis. Iron bioavailabihty plays a key role in phytoplankton productivity in oceans [80-82], while that of freshwater is mainly controlled by nitrogen and phosphoms. 

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