Phytoplankton Data

Phytoplankton succes s ion.pdf Primary production.pdf Species lists.pdf 

This section provides data described in detail in Chapter 15 of this book. It contains, for example, the lists of phytoplankton taxa that are too voluminous for the print. We explain the files of this annex in the sequence of their Reference in Chapter 15. 

Species lists.pdf contains six Tables, each of them for one year in the period from 

2000-2005. These phytoplankton species lists are based on integrated surface samples 

Dommant species.pdf reveals, in contrast to the species list, also the regional differences in species composition. The 8-10 most important (by biomass) taxa are shown. The years 1993-1998 are combined in one table per sea area, split into seasons. Therefore, these tables are directly comparable with those of the Periodic Assessments (e.g., Tables 4.4.8. 4.10 of HELCOM, 1996). The years 1999-2005 are presented in separate tables, subdivided into seasons and sea areas. 1 n any case, the share of the taxa in total phytoplankton biomass is given. However, those heterotrophic objects, which were traditionally considered in phytoplankton analyses, were also included. Only in 1999 and 2000, Ebria tripartita was excluded. 

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Lacroix G, Ruddick R, Park Y, Gypens N, Lancelot C (2007) Validation of the 3D biogeochemical model MIRO CO with field nutrient and phytoplankton data and MERIS-derived surface chlorophyll a images. J Mar Syst 64 66-88... 

K., Jaanus, A., 2000. Trophic status of coastal and open areas ofthe south-eastern Baltic Sea based on nutrient and phytoplankton data from 1993-1997. Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte, Warnemunde, 38, 1-83. 

P.R. Leavitt, D.L. Findlay (1994). Comparison of fossil pigments with 20 years of phytoplankton data from eutrophic Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 51, 2286-2299. 

Figure 4. (a) Volume-based and (B) chlorophyll-based photosynthesis-irradiance data for phytoplankton sampled on December 6, 1987 from the experimental chambers (after flow had been stopped for 24 h). Samples were incubated for 4 h under the four treatment conditions described in the text. (Reproduced with permission from reference 23. Copyright 1990 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.)... 

Comparison with other Studies. How do the results of our investigation compare with similar studies Our results corroborate the data provided in a similar study of the effect of UV-B on primary productivity in the southeastern Pacific Ocean (35). In the latter study, it was noted that enhanced UV-B radiation caused significant decreases in the productivity of surface and deep samples. Compared to ambient, primary productivity decreased with increasing doses of UV-B. In another study in which in situ experiments using natural Antarctic phytoplankton populations, it was noted that incident solar radiation significantly depressed photosynthetic rates in the upper 10-15 meters of the water column (36). It was also found that the spectral region between 305 and 350 nm was responsible for approximately 75 percent of the overall inhibitory effect. 

The refinements made to the entire model setup include a higher model resolution, the implementation of most recent ECH AM, MPIOM and HAMOCC versions, the usage of assimilated satelhte data for surface phytoplankton distribution, and the usage of a more realistic description of sinking organic matter in the ocean. 

Assimilation At the end of each month phytoplankton concentrations in the surface level were adjusted according to the MERIS satellite chlorophyll-a concentrations of the corresponding month. The data assimilation is only done for shallow waters, with a water depth lower than 250 m (see Figure 2.1). 

Fig. 2.6 Difference of the monthly mean phytoplankton concentration derived from MERIS data and the monthly mean calculated by HAMOCC [kmolP/m3], denoted as a in Equation 2.1.

Few studies have addressed the dynamics of suspended and attached primary producers in the Ebro basin. Previous data on phytoplankton assemblages are available only for the Ebro delta [6], and for phytoplankton occurring in the lower course of the river [7, 8]. However, there is no information about other... 

Chlorophylls and other pigments have been frequently investigated in marine samples. As the amount of chlorophyll may be used as a marker for phytoplankton production its determination is of paramount importance in sea research [274], HPLC data have been used for the study of phytoplankton community structure [275] and for the indentification of phytoplankton groups [276], Earlier advances in HPLC pigment analysis have been reviewed [277],... 

It can be concluded from the data that RP-HPLC, together with other techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry and DNA analysis, can contribute to the determination of the effect of salinity on the diversity of phytoplankton [284],... 

The effects of photosynthesis are clearly seen in the low TDIC and nutrient concentrations of the surface water. The O2 concentrations are high because of contact with the sea surfece and production by phytoplankton. The temperature and O2 concentration data have been used to compute the percent saturation with respect to O2. The high degree of supersaturation in the surfece water suggests that the rate of O2 supply via photosynthesis is exceeding its removal via the dual processes of aerobic respiration and degassing across the air-sea interface. 

The data presented in Table 11.1 indicate that the fluvial gross river flux is the major source of trace metals to the oceans and that most of this flux is in particulate form (fluvial gross particulate flux). But the majority of this particulate flux is trapped within estuaries, primarily via settling, and, hence, is not released into the open ocean. As a result, the fluvial net particulate flux is only about 10% of the fluvial gross particulate flux. In seawater, most of this particulate metal remains in solid form due to low solubilities. The particulate metals eventually settle to the seafloor and are subsequently buried in the sediments. In the case of iron, a small fraction of the particulate pool does dissolve. In the surface waters, solubilization of particulate iron can provide a significant amount of this micronutrient to the phytoplankton. 

Reliable chronic toxicity data were available for 21 species of plants (13 phytoplankton and 8 macrophytes) and 15 species of animals. The species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for atrazine chronic toxicity (no observed effect concentrations [NOECs]) to plants and animals are shown in Figure 4.4. A log-normal distribution model was fitted to each SSD by least-squares regression. 

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