Filament material

It is used in certain nickel-based alloys, such as the "Hastelloys(R)" which are heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant to chemical solutions. Molybdenum oxidizes at elevated temperatures. The metal has found recent application as electrodes for electrically heated glass furnaces and foreheaths. The metal is also used in nuclear energy applications and for missile and aircraft parts. Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum. It has found applications as a filament material in electronic and electrical applications. Molybdenum is an... 

Thermal ionization has three distinct advantages the ability to produce mass spectra free from background interference, the ability to regulate the flow of ions by altering the filament temperature, and the possibility of changing the filament material to obtain a work function matching ionization energies. This flexibility makes thermal ionization a useful technique for the precise measurement of isotope ratios in a variety of substrates. 

Filament material Aluminum borosilicate glass fibers Membrane material Pd/Ag (23 wt.-%)... 

H. Leaderman. Elastic and Creep Properties of Filamentous Materials and Other High Polymers, Textile Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1943. 

For farther improvement of hydrogen enzyme electrode the commercial carbon filament materials were used as an electrode matrix. Such type of materials are accessible and well characterized, that provides the reproducibility of the results. A procedure for hydrogen enzyme electrode preparation included the pretreatment of electrode support with sulfuric acid followed by enzyme immobilization. This procedure is a critical step, since initially carbon filament material is completely hydrophobic [9]. 

A critical factor for biotechnology application is the stability of the enzyme electrode. Hydrogenase immobilized into carbon filament material has high level of both operational and storage stability. Even after the half year of storage with periodical testing, the enzyme electrode preserved more than 50 % of its initial activity [9,10], Thus, it is possible to achieve appropriate stability of the enzyme electrode, suitable for hydrogen fuel cells development. 

Fig. 2.21 Typical distribution of fiber diameters in continuous filament materials and insulation wools. (A) Continuous filament glass. The mean diameter is 14.1 micrometers, with standard deviation of 1.9 micrometers. (B) Glass fiber wool. Mean diameter is 7.0 micrometers, with a standard deviation of 4.0 micrometers.

ASTM D3379 standard test method for tensile strength and Young s modulus for high-modulus single-filament materials... 

Test Indicates presence of Shell Outer envelope Embryophore Cytoplasm Oncospheral membrane filamentous material filament layer... 

The filament material most commonly used in thermal ionization is rhenium. There are several properties that dictate its choice. It has a high enough melting point (3180°C) that it can withstand the temperatures required for efficient ionization (up to about 2200°C). It has the highest work function of any metal with a high enough melting point like all metals, its work function varies with the crystal... 

Another common filament material used in hot-cathode ion gauges is thoriated iridium (Th02 on iridium). These filaments are used if there is any likelihood that the system will be exposed to accidental bursts of atmosphere. However, if exposed to hydrocarbons or halocarbons, their emissions can radically change. Use of a silicon oil in the diffusion pump is required with these Aliments. Recalibration of these filaments is constantly required. 

Leaderman, H. Elastic and creep properties of filamentous materials, p. 175. Textile foundation, Washington, D. C. (1943). 

The reaction often is accompanied by the growth of carbon nanofibers of different textures (see Figure 5.3). Notice that the supported metal cat alysts are normally used for the purpose and that processes Hke (5.20) can lead to the increase of the catalyst granules weight by a factor of 300 and more compared to their initial weight to allow extremely pure carbonaceous filamentous materials to be produced. 

What property of wolfram makes it suitable for use as the filament material in electric light bulbs ... 

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