Phytoestrogens extraction

Hwang, J, Hodis, H and Sevanian, A (2001) Soy and alfalfa phytoestrogen extracts become potent low-density lipoprotein antioxidants in the presence of acerola cherry extract. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 308-314. 

Mayr U, Butsch A and Schneider S. 1992. Validation of two in vitro test systems for estrogenic activities with zearalenone, phytoestrogens and cereal extracts. Toxicology 74 135-149. 

Liggins J, Grimwood R and Bingham S A (2000), Extraction and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in food and human samples , Adv Biochem, 287, 102-109. 

O.J. McConnell, Determination of rat oral bioavailability of soy-derived phytoestrogens using an automated on-column extraction procedure and elecrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr.B 796 (2003) 71-86. 

A greater effect is apparent in postmenopausal women compared with men. The protein component seems to play a crucial role in the cardio-protective effect of soy. When soy-extracted phytoestrogens are added to animal-derived protein (casein), no effects on lipids are observed (Greaves et al., 1999). It is therefore clear that both the proteins from soy and the phytoestrogens need to be present to have a beneficial effect on lipid. In the presence of soy protein, the lipid-lowering effect is dose dependent on the phytoestrogen present (Crouse et al., 1999). 

Numerous questions concerning the effects of phytoestrogen supplements for women remain unanswered. Further studies should be performed to clarify the effects of isoflavone extracts, their optimal doses, the significance of individual variation in phytoestrogen metabolism and long-term effects, particularly on men. Risk, benefits, and interactions between phytoestrogens and drugs also need to be carefully evaluated. 

Tice, J.A., Ettinger, B., Ensrud, K., Wallace, E.R., Blackwell, T. and Cummings, R.S. (2003). Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flushes The Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study A randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 290, 207-214. 

An important caveat is that the epidemiological evidence suggesting protection from hormone-dependent cancer by isoflavone phytoestrogens is based on foods rather than isoflavone extracts, which in the future could include isoflavone-containing therapeutics. Indeed, the preparation of isoflavone extracts from soy protein could well result in the loss... 

The isoflavones found in soy bean extracts, such as genistein and daidzein, that are phytoestrogens, are also able to enhance HA deposition.281,282 Their estrogen-like structures may account for their ability to enhance HA deposition. 

Kuhnle, G. Dell Aquila, C. Low, Y. Kussmaul, M. Bingham, S. 2007. Extraction and quantification of phytoestrogens in foods using automated solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS. Anal. Chem. 79 9234-9239. 

Tice JA, Ettinger B, Ensrud K, et al. Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes The isollavone clover extract (ICE) study. A randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 2003 290 207-214. 

Boue, S.M. et al.. Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of legume extracts containing phytoestrogens, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 51, 2193, 2003. 

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