Physiological Fundamentals

In 1898, there was pubhshed, just on a single page, the will of Alfred Nobel, who had died two years earlier from heart failure, and also a 48-page work by Robert Tigerstedt and Per Bergmann from the Karolinska Institute (Stockholm) on the 

High blood pressure damages the blood vessels, and can lead to stroke or heart attacks (infarctions), as well as heart and kidney failure (Fig. 5.6). 

To ensure the stability of the circulation, the blood pressure elevating system is counterbalanced by a corresponding blood pressure lowering system (Fig. 5.7). KaUikrein, an enzyme in the pancreas, is responsible for the production of bradykinin from kininogen. Bradykinin exerts its multiple tissue dependent 

6 Franklin D. Roosevelt (centre, 1882-1945) was diagnosed with high blood pressure in 1937. He was prescribed bed rest, a low-salt diet and Phenobarbital, though this did not improve his condition. In 1940, his heart failed several times, whereupon he received digitalis. By the time of the Yalta conference in February 1945, his blood pressure had risen to 250/150. A few months later, he died of a massive cerebral haemorrhage. 

Q Robert Bruce Merrifield, who is famous for having developed a solid-phase peptide coupling technique, succeeded in the synthesis of bradykinin, with an 85 % yield in Just 27 hours. [6] 

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Molecular, Biochemical, and Physiological Fundamentals of Metabolism and Development... 

Much of the fundamental work on prostaglandins and related compounds was car ried out by Sune Bergstrom and Bengt Samuelsson of the Karohnska Institute (Sweden) and by Sir John Vane of the Wellcome Foundation (Great Britain) These three shared the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine m 1982... 

Finally, a new class of antispermatogenic agents containing the same fundamental structure cited above has been described (76JMC778). 1-Halobenzyl-l J/-indazole-3-carboxylic acids are potentially useful for birth control, and because they act after a single administration they are of interest for the physiological study of the male reproductive system. 

This chapter introduces fundamentals of human physiology and health requirements relevant to the control of indoor environment within industrial buildings. 

Reading, MA Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company. Martini, F. M. (1998). Fundamentals of Anatomy Se Physiology, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. 

It is generally true that if a toxin kills a particular species by one mechanism it will kill other species in the same phyllum by the same mechanism. However mechanisms of lethality cannot necessarily be expected to cross phylla. Such considerations of zoology should play a role in assessing toxicity especially where the species used to test for toxicity is the prey-species. In such a situation one would expect rapid lethality and a toxin targeted to a fundamental physiological function of that species. 

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