Physical Properties of Benzyl Alcohol

Acidity. . benzoic zeid Aldehyde. . b.nz.ldehyde Boiling point 

Chlorin.. . benzyl chloride OieUctric eon.tznt Oi.tllUtion rang. Ibp i% 

hazard Fla.h point (Open cup) Freezing point H.at of combu.tion 

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Table 1. Physical Properties of Benzyl Alcohol and p-Phenethyl Alcohol...

TABLE 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL ALCOHOL AND fi-PHF.NF.THYT. ALCOHOL... 

Benzyl chloride [(chloromethyl)henzene, a-chlorotoluene], CgH CH2Cl, is a colorless Hquid with a very pungent odor. Its vapors are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes, and it is classified as a powerfljl lacrimator. The physical properties of pure benzyl chloride are given in Table 2 (2—7). Benzyl chloride is insoluble in cold water, but decomposes slowly in hot water to benzyl alcohol. It is miscible in all proportions at room temperature with most organic solvents. The flash point of benzyl chloride is 67°C (closed cup) 74°C (open cup) autoignition temperature is 585°C lower flammability limit 1.1% by volume in air. Its volume coefficient of expansion is 9.72 x. ... 

Benzyl acetoacetate [5396-89-4] M 192.2, b 130°/2mm, 156-157°/10mm, 162-167°/15mm, 275-277°/atm, d4 1.114, n D 1.514. Fractionate and collect fractions of expected physical properties. Otherwise add ca 10% by weight of benzyl alcohol and heat in an oil bath (160-170°, open vessel) for 30min during which time excess of benzyl alcohol will have distd off, then fractionate. [JOC 17 77 1952],... 

In many cases the use of epoxy materials in so-called field conditions (for industrial, construction sites, etc.) demand an increase in the reaction velocity, which is usually achieved by adding accelerators. At present, the widely used accelerators include alkyl-substituted phenols, benzyl alcohol, carboxylic acids (in particular, salicylic acid), and others. A major disadvantage of these accelerators is their tendency to migrate from the cured epoxy matrix during the exploitation, which could lead to a change in the physical properties of the polymer. They also act as a plasticizer of epoxy-based polymers, and as a result reduce the polymer s chemical resistance. Thus, there is a need for new accelerator-modifiers that can provide faster curing of epoxy-amine compositions without negative side effects, and also improve the properties of the finished product. 

An early review on the chemistry of chloroformates ( esters of chloroformic acid ) covered the methods of synthesis, physical and chemical properties and highlighted the possibility of polymer synthesis from chloroformates [10]. An example of a classical chloroformate preparation by phosgenation of benzylic alcohol with phosgene gas is given in [11]. An improved procedure for the synthesis of benzyl chloroformate (1, Z-Cl) in 97% yield is given in [12]. 

The production of both an alcohol and the sodium salt of an acid might easily be confused with the hydrolysis products of an ester (in the above instance benzyl benzoate). Such an error would soon be discovered (e.g., by reference to the b.p. and other physical properties), but it would lead to an unnecessary expenditure of time and energy. The above example, however, emphasises the importance of conducting the class reactions of neutral oxygen-containing compounds in the proper order, viz., (1) aldehydes and ketones, (2) esters and anhydrides, (3) alcohols, and (4) ethers. 

Riboflavin forms fine yellow to orange-yeUow needles with a bitter taste from 2 N acetic acid, alcohol, water, or pyridine. It melts with decomposition at 278—279°C (darkens at ca 240°C). The solubihty of riboflavin in water is 10—13 mg/100 mL at 25—27.5°C, and in absolute ethanol 4.5 mg/100 mL at 27.5°C it is slightly soluble in amyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, amyl acetate, and phenol, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, and benzene. It is very soluble in dilute alkah, but these solutions are unstable. Various polymorphic crystalline forms of riboflavin exhibit variations in physical properties. In aqueous nicotinamide solution at pH 5, solubihty increases from 0.1 to 2.5% as the nicotinamide concentration increases from 5 to 50% (9). 

Benzyl alcohol (1) and P-phenethyl alcohol (2) (2-phenylethanol) are the simplest of the aromatic alcohols, and, as such, are chemically similar. Their physical properties are given in Table 1. 

In 1899 Thoms isolated an alcohol from Peru balsam oil, which he termed peruviol. This body was stated to have powerful antiseptic properties, but has not been further investigated until Schimmel Co. took up the subject. The oil after saponification was fractionated, and after benzyl alcohol had distilled over, a light oil with characteristic balsamic odour passed over. It boiled at 125° to 127° at 4 mm., and had a specific gravity 0 8987, optical rotation -1- 12° 22, and refractive index 1-48982. This body appeared to be identical with Hesse s nerolidol, whilst in physical and chemical properties it closely resembles peruviol. The characters of the various preparations were as follows —... 

Table A 1-2 (Physical properties) is sorted first, based on the type of each solvent in alphabetical order (adds, alcohols, aromatics...spedals) and then second, based on the name of each solvent in alphabetical order within type (1-hexanol, amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol...texanol). One uses Table A 1-2 to obtain additional physical property information about... 

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