Photovoltaic schematic

Fig. 2. Schematic energy diagram of a semiconductor/redox system/metal regenerative photovoltaic cell...

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the Northwestern apparatus for IR laser kinetic measurements in the gas phase. D, and D2 are InSb detectors with D2 being a high speed photovoltaic detector. M = Mirror, I = iris, C = chopper, BS = beam splitter, P = photolysis cell. [Reproduced with permission from Ouderkirk et al. (75).]...

Figure 14.9. Schematic of a solution-grown nanorod/nanotube array (e.g., ZnO), which can be coupled with a light absorbing polymer to produce a functional organic-inorganic photovoltaic device. 

Fig. 8.9 Schematic diagram of PV-electrolysis systems proposed for solar water splitting (a) Electricity generated from photovoltaic cell driving water electrolysis (b) PV assisted cell with immersed semiconductor p/n junction as one electrode.

Fig. 2.8 Schematic diagram of the CIS/CdS and CdTe/CdS photovoltaic cells. The back contact to the CdTe cell—Cu-doped carbon paste - is a commonly used one, but there are several modifications to this contact as well as completely different ones in use.

Figure 7.7 Schematic representation of a liquid-junction photovoltaic cell using an n-type semiconductor. R/O is the redox couple in the electrolyte.

Figure 17.38 Schematic of a solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 75. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.

Research on the solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) has gained considerable momentum recently as this embodiment is attractive for realizing flexible photovoltaic cells in a roll-to-roll production. The spzro-OMeTAD has been the most successful p-type organic conductor (hole transport material) employed. Its work function is about 4.9 eV and the hole mobility 2 x 10-4 cm2 s x. A schematic diagram of the solid sate DSC with the structure of this hole conductor is shown in Fig. 19. Reported first in 1998, the con-... 

Figure 6.40 Schematic of a photovoltaic cell based on NiO modified with an electron donor and in the presence of the electron relay iodine/iodide...

Figure 1-5 Schematic representation of photovoltaic cell and phototube.

Figure 4.53. Schematic of (a) a single-junction and (b) multijunction photovoltaic cell.

Figure 4.54. Schematic of a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell. The Ti02-bound dye molecules act as the light harvester. Electrons are injected into Ti02, flow to the collector electrode and through the circuit to the counter electrode. The dye is regenerated by electron donation from the 13 /31 couple (0.536 V). Reproduced with permission from Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 6841. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.

Figure 5. Schematic representation of the principle of the nanocrystalline injection photovoltaic cell showing the electron energy level in the different phases. The cell voltage AK obtained under illumination corresponds to the difference in the Fermi level of the semiconductor and the electrochemical potential of the redox couple (M+/M) used to mediate charge transfer between the electrodes.

Figure 13. Schematic outline of a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell, showing the electron energy levels in the different phases. The system consists of a semiconducting nanocrystalline Ti02 film onto which a Ru-complex is adsorbed as a dye and a conductive counterelectrode, while the electrolyte contains an I /Ij redox couple. The cell voltage observed under illumination corresponds to the difference, AF, between the quasi-Fermi level of Ti02 and the electrochemical potential of the electrolyte. S, S, and S+ designate, respectively, the sensitizer, the electronically excited sensitizer, and the oxidized sensitizer. See text for details. Adapted from [69], A Flagfeldt and M. Gratzel, Chem Rev. 95, 49 (1995). 1995, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 11.16 a) Schematic of the monolithic combination of a photoelectro-chemical/photovoltaic (PEC/PV) device, b) Idealized energy level diagram for the monolithic PEC/PV photoelectrolysis device. (After ref. [83])... 

Fig. 58 Schematic of inferred structure for CdSe nanocrystal infiltrated polymer brush photovoltaic device. From bottom to top ITO-coated glass slide modified by surface attachment of a bromine end-capped trichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (squares) polymer brushes grown from the SAM (lines) CdSe nanocrystals infiltrated into the brush network exhibiting some degree of phase separation in the plane of the film (small circles) and an aluminum cathode cap. (Reprinted with permission from [256], 2005, American Chemical Society)...

FIGURE 8.4 Schematic drawing of the operation of a hilayer photovoltaic cell (in this example and ITO/Ti02/MEH-PPV/Au device) showing (a) light absorption, (b) exciton transport, (c) exciton dissociation, and (d) collection of electrons at the anode and (e) holes... 

FIGURE 8.12 Schematic illustration of the role of the absorbed frequency on photovoltaic operation. For the purposes of this illustration, it is the electron at the HOMO level that is being promoted in each case. 

Figure 7.13. Schematic diagram of three common detectors used in the ultraviolet-visible region. A The barrier-layer or photovoltaic cell. B A vacuum phototube. C The vacuum photomultiplier.

Figure 1.10 Schematic presentation of the working principle for a photovoltaic cell.

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