Photophysical Properties of

Guldi D M and Asmus K-D 1997 Photophysical properties of mono- and multiply-functionalized fullerene derivatives J. Phys. Chem. A 101 1472-81... 

Williams R M, Zwier J M and Verhoeven J W 1995 Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer in a bridged Cgg (acceptor)-aniline (donor) system. Photophysical properties of the first active fullerene diad J. Am. Chem. See. 117 4093-9... 

Imahori H, Hagiwara K, Akiyama T, Taniguchi S, Okada T and Sakata Y 1995 Synthesis and photophysical property of porphyrin-linked fullerene Chem. Lett. 265-6... 

Synthesis and photophysical properties of electro- and photoactive fulleropyr-rolidines 97G779. 

Unusual photophysical properties of polyazaanthracenes and polyazapentacenes having low values of calculated singlet-triplet energy gap 99PAC295. 

The reduced symmetry of the chromophore, which still contains 187t-electrons and is therefore an aromatic system, influences the electronic spectrum which shows a bathochromic shift and a higher molar extinction coefficient of the long-wavelength absorption bands compared to the porphyrin, so that the photophysical properties of the chlorins resulting from this structural alteration render them naturally suitable as pigments for photosynthesis and also make them of interest in medical applications, e.g. photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT).2... 

The photophysical properties of porphycenes make these structures potential sensitizers for an application in Photodynamic Tumor Therapy (PDT). To improve the photophysical properties and to modify possible biological activity it is necessary to have porphycenes with an extended chromophore and/or with additional functional groups for further modifications. The Diels-Alder reaction of a vinyl porphycene allows for the preparation of benzoporphycenes with an extended chromophore9 and additional functional groups (cf. Section 1.1.2.4.). 

Yersin H, Donges D (2001) Low-Lying Electronic States and Photophysical Properties of Organometallic Pd(II) and Pt(II) Compounds. Modern Research Trends Presented in Detailed Case Studies. 214 81-186 Yeung LK, see Crooks RM (2001) 212 81-135... 

Table 4. Chemical structure and spectroscopical and photophysical properties of riboflavin (RF) in aqueous phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (Valle et al, 2011).

Valle, L. Moran Vieyra, F.E. Borsarelli, C.D. (2011). Microenvironmental modulation of photophysical properties of flavins. Submitted to Photophysical and Photochemical Sciences. 

In a series of remarkable papers, K. Tamao and S. Yamaguchi have shown that the physical properties of triarylboranes and triarylsilanes can be modified using structural changes induced by increasing coordination numbers [74]. In the same way, the tuning of the photophysical properties of PAr3 systems (96-99) (Scheme 27) according to the coordination number of the P-atom has been achieved [75]. 

Hauser A, von Arx ME, Langford VS, Oetliker U, Kairouani S, Pillonnet A (2004) Photophysical Properties of Three-Dimensional Transition Metal Tris-Oxalate Network Structures. 241 65-96... 

Gygax R, Wirz J, Sprague JT, Allinger NL. Electronic structure and photophysical properties of planar conjugated hydrocarbons with a 4n-membered ring. Part III. Conjugative stabilization in an antiaromatic system The conformational mobility of l,5-bisdehydro[12]annulene. Helv Chim Acta 1977 60 2522-9. 

The photophysical properties of 1-8 have been studied in different solvents (PhMe, CH2CI2, and CH3CN). The lifetimes of the lowest triplet excited states are summarized in Table 1. 

More recently, we have succeeded in the preparation of the next generation compound 15 (Fig. 7) for which the molar absorptivity is approximately 450,000 M cm b The photophysical properties of 15 have not been yet investi-... 

In a recent study, poly(aryl ether) dendritic branches terminated with triethyleneglycol chains were attached to Cgg [66] dendrimer 32 represents the fourth generation. The photophysical properties of these fullerodendrimers have been systematically investigated in three solvents, namely toluene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile. On increasing dendrimer generation, it has been found that in each solvent (i) the maximum of the fullerene fluorescence band is red-shifted... 

Dendritic hosts can be used in aqueous solution to encapsulate water-soluble fluorescent probes. Changes in the photophysical properties of these encapsulated probes are useful to understand the properties of the microenvironment created by the dendritic interior. For example, adamantyl-terminated poly(pro-pylene amine) dendrimers from the first to the fifth generation (36 represents the third generation) can be dissolved in water at pH<7 in the presence of -cyclodextrin because of encapsulation of the hydrophobic adamantyl residue inside the /1-cyclodextrin cavity and the presence of protonated tertiary amine units inside the dendrimer [72]. Under these experimental conditions, 8-anifi-... 

Khopde, S.M. et ah. Effect of solveut ou the excited-state photophysical properties of curcumin, Photochem. Photobiol., 72, 625, 2000. 

Fernandez, E.J., Laguna, A., Lopez-de-Luzuriaga, J.M., Monge, M., Montiel, M., Olmos, M.E. and Rodriguez-Castillo, M. (2006) Synthesis, coordination to Au(I) and photophysical properties of a novel polyfiuorinated benzothiazolephosphine ligand. Dalton Transactions, (30), 3672-3677. 

The discriminatory emission properties between two-coordinate d ° gold(I) complexes and their respective three-coordinate counterparts have been demonstrated in the literature [6, 10-13]. As discussed in the later sections, Che and coworkers have rationalized that the extraordinarily large Stokes shift of the visible emission of [Au2(diphosphine)2] from the [5da 6pa] transition is due to the exciplex formation ofthe excited state with solvent or counterions [6]. Fackler [14—16] reported the photophysical properties of monomeric [AUL3] complexes, which show visible luminescence with large Stokes shifts (typically lOOOOcm ), suggesting significant excited-state distortion. Gray et al. [10] examined the spectroscopic properties of... 

As briefly mentioned in the previous section, PCS provides quantitative information on the lifetime of the non-radiative state for molecules in solution in the time range from sub-microseconds to seconds. This method can, potentially, be applied to the characterization of the photophysical properties of quantum dots freely diffusing in solution with higher temporal resolution than the previous SPD. 

In conclusion, some trends can be gleaned from an examination of the content of the symposium as a whole. The growth in research efforts addressing the synthesis and properties of poly(diorganosilanes) will likely continue. The unique photophysical properties of this newly developed class of inorganic macromolecules (12) together with ready synthetic routes will be contributing forces here, and no doubt new vectors will arise. 

The photophysical properties of adenine have intrigued chemists from early on. Broo studied adenine and 2-aminopurine (2AP) in order to understand their differences in photophysical properties. Adenine like all natural nucleobases has very short excited state lifetimes and low quantum yields of fluorescence, while 2AP, which differs from adenine in the position of the amino group, has long lifetimes and strong fluorescence, making it a very useful fluorescent probe. In Broo s work it was observed that the first excited state is a nn at vertical excitation but crosses with an nn state which becomes the Si state adiabatically at the minimum. The large out-of-plane distortion on the nn state opens up a deactivation channel in adenine compared to 2AP. In 2AP, on the other hand, the Si state always has a 7T7r character. 

Ray, K. and T. N. Mishra. 1997. Photophysical properties of lycopene organized in Langmuir-Blodgett films Formation of aggregates. J. Photochem. Photobiol A 107 201-205. 

Zigmantas, D., R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharpies, H. A. Frank, V. Sundstrom, andT. Poltvka. 2004. Effect of conjugated carbonyl group on photophysical properties of carotenoids. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 3009-3016. 

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