Photonic fiber

Yan et al. [71] have used a hollow photonic crystal fiber bundle to immobilize multifaceted AuNPs of 100-200 nm diameters within the hollow stmcture (Fig. 12). They launched the excitation light at 633 nm for Raman spectroscopy onto the end fire of the photonic crystal fiber with a x50 objective. The same objective lens was used to collect the scattered light for Raman spectroscopy. The sensing material or analyte was rhodamine B immobihzed and dried within the photonic fiber onto the AuNPs. The Raman spectrum showed a clear surface enhancement in the presence of the AuNPs. Nevertheless the authors used a photonic crystal fiber, no band gap... 

Fig. 12 Experimental scheme of a surface-enhanced Raman experiment with a hollow photonic fiber bundle. The AuNPs are immobilized on the inner surfaces of the hollow fibers and are illuminated by a focused excitation laser beam. The Raman signal is collected on the same side...

Schmitt K, Hoffmann C (2010) High-refractive-index waveguide platforms for chemical emd biosensing. In Zourob M, Lakhtakia A (eds) Chemical sensors and biosensors methods and applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 21-54 Selvarajan A, Asoundi A (1995) Photonics, fiber optic sensors and their applications in smart structures. J Non-Destruct... 

Smart textiles is a new aspect in textile that is a multidiscipline field of research in many sciences and technologies such as textile, physics, chemistry, medicine, electronics, polymers, biotechnology, telecommunications, information technology, microelectronics, wearable computers, nanotechnology and micro-electromechanical machines. Shape memory materials (SMMs), conductive materials, phase change materials (PCMs), chromic materials, photonic fibers, mechanical responsive materials, intelligent coating/membranes, micro and nanomaterials and piezoelectric materials are applied in smart textiles [34]. 

No collector sHt is fitted, and the full width of the ion beam falls onto microchaimel plates which emit electrons. The emitted electrons strike a phosphor coating on the end of a fiber-optic cable (see Fiber optics). The phosphor emits photons which travel along the cable to the photodiode array. 

An x-ray area detector can be used to collect the intensities of many reflections at a time. The crystal must be oriented in many different settings with respect to the incident beam but the detector needs to be positioned at only a few positions to collect all of the data. A charge coupled device (CCD) is used as the area detector on the Siemens SMART single crystal diffractometer system. The SMART detector consists of a flat 6-cm circular phosphorescent screen that converts x-ray photons to visible light photons. The screen is coupled to a tapered fiber optics bundle which is then coupled to a one inch by one inch square CCD chip. The CCD chip has 1024 x 1024 pixels each of which stores an electrical charge proportional to the number of... 

Durand, M. (1984), Use of Optical Fibers for Velocity Measurement by Laser Doppler Interferometry with a Fabry-Perot Interferometer. In High Speed Photography and Photonics, Proc. SPIE, 491 (edited by M. Andre and M. Hugenschmidt), pp. 650-656. 

Rotations around torsional barriers induce changes in chain conformation. For conjugated systems like polydiacetylenes, flow-induced changes in chain conformation can have a profound influence on the photon absorption and electronic conductivity properties of the material [73]. Flow-induced changes in molecular conformation form the basis for several technically important processes, the best known examples are the production of oriented fibers by gel spinning [74], the compatibility enhancement [75] and the shear-induced modification of polymer morphology [76]. 

Peyrilloux, A., Pagnoux, D., Reynaud, F, 2002, Evaluation of photonic crystal fiber potential for fibre linked version of stellar interferometers SPIE 4838, 1334... 

In optical domain, preamplifier is no more an utopia and is in actual use in fiber communication. However quantum physics prohibits the noiseless cloning of photons an amplifier must have a spectral density of noise greater than 1 photon/spatial mode (a "spatial mode" corresponds to a geometrical extent of A /4). Most likely, an optical heterodyne detector will be limited by the photon noise of the local oscillator and optical preamplifier will not increase the detectivity of the system. 

Anisotropy is frequently observed in soft materials, but the symmetry of anisotropy is varying. Fibers and films show, in general, less complex anisotropy than ordinary or photonic crystals. 

Knight, J. C., Arriaga, J., Birks, T. A., Ortigosa-Blanch, A., Wadsworth, W. J. and Russell, P. S. (2000). Anomalous dispersion in photonic crystal fiber. IEEE. Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 807-9. 

Schreiber, T., Limpert, J., Zellmer, H., Tunnermann, A. and Hansen, K. P. (2003). High average power supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers. Opt. Commun. 228, 71-8. 

Kudlinski, A., George, A. K., Knight, J. C., Rulkov, A. B., Popov, S. V. and Taylor, J. R. (2006). Zero-dispersion wavelength decreasing photonic crystal fibers for ultraviolet-extended supercontinuum generation. Opt. Express 14, 5715-22. 

Tada, J., Kono, T., Suda, A., Mizuno, H., Miyawaki, A., Midorikawa, K. and Kannari, F. (2007). Adaptively controlled supercontinuum pulse from a micro structure fiber for two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Appl. Opt. 46, 3023-30. 

It is well known that the catalytic effect of Ti02 is attributed to the generation of a strong oxidant, hydroxyl radicals [44]. Following this theory, the quantum efficiency of the felt material prepared with the titania/silica fiber was calculated from the aforementioned result. In this case, if the number of molecules is significantly larger than the number of photon, acetaldehyde is oxidized to CH3COOH as follows ... 

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