Phosphorus aspects

Kegjevich G, Baan Z, Hermecz 1 et al (2007) The phosphorus aspects of green chemistry. Curr Otg Chem 11 107-126... 

In this way, the near-linear chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship in lakes depends upon the outcome of a large number of interactive processes occurring in each one of the component systems in the model. One of the most intriguing aspects of those components is that the chlorophyll models do not need to take account of the species composition of the phytoplankton in which chlorophyll is a constituent. The development of blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria is associated with eutrophication and phosphorus concentration, yet it is not apparent that the yield of cyanobacterial biomass requires any more mass-specific contribution from phosphorus. The explanation for this paradox is not well understood, but it is extremely important to understand that it is a matter of dynamics. The bloom-forming cyanobacteria are among the slowest-growing and most light-sensitive members of the phytoplankton. ... 

Enolates of aldehydes, ketones, and esters and the carbanions of nitriles and nitro compounds, as well as phosphorus- and sulfur-stabilized carbanions and ylides, undergo the reaction. The synthetic applications of this group of reactions will be discussed in detail in Chapter 2 of Part B. In this section, we will discuss the fundamental mechanistic aspects of the reaction of ketone enolates with aldehydes md ketones. 

A. R. McWilliams, H. Dorn and I. Manners, New Inorganic Polymers Containing Phosphorus, in J-P. Majoral (ed.) New Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry III Topics Curr. Chem., 229, 141-167 (2002). 

Structural and bonding aspects in phosphorus chemistry — inorganic derivatives of oxohalogeno phosphoric acids. K. Dehnicke and A. F. Shihada, Struct. Bonding (Berlin), 1976, 28, 52-82 (119). 

Dechnicke K, Shihada A-F (1976) Structural and Bonding Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry-Inorganic Derivates of Oxohalogeno Phosphoric Acids. 28 51-82 Denning RG (1992) Electronic Structure and Bonding in Actinyl Ions. 79 215-276 Dhubhghaill OMN, Sadler PJ (1991) The Structure and Reactivity of Arsenic Compounds. 

The N—>P dative bonds are weak and different in lengths (1.800 A on average), and the triflate anions are effectively extended to consider interaction with the counter ion. Again the phosphorus atom is strongly pyramidalized and features the aspects of an inert nonbonding electron pair. 

In volumes 220, 223, 229, and 232 several experts reported on the recent progress of phosphorus chemistry in many fields. This chemistry is so rich, so diversified, that a new volume appeared to be necessary in order to cover some other aspects of such a topic and to point out the key role played by this element. 

This volume, as well as the four precedent volumes, describes only in part the huge number of original papers on phosphorus-related topics. Some further volumes will be necessary in the future to cover all aspects of this chemistry in perpetual rebirth. 

Structural and Bonding Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry Table 6. Mossbauer spectra of halophosphates of tin and " tron... 

Structural and Bonding Aspects in Phosphorus Chemistry-Inorganic Derivates... 

W. C. Plaxton, Metabolic aspects of phosphate starvation in plants. Phosphorus in Plant Biology Regulatory Roles in Molecular, Cellular, Organi.smic, and Eco.sy.s-lein Proces.ses (J. P. Lynch and J. Deikman eds.), American Society of Plant Physiologists, 1998, p. 229. 

As stated earlier, mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption. Greater soil exploitation by mycorrhizal roots as a means of increasing phosphate uptake is well established. The normal phosphate depletion zone around non-mycorrhizal roots is 1-2 mm, but an endomycorrhizal root symbiont increased this zone to 7 cm (140). This ability to increase the nutritional level (particularly with regard to phosphorus), and subsequently the overall better growth dynamics of the mycorrhizal plant has been suggested as the reason for the salt (43) and drought (44-46) tolerance and increased nodulation (47) observed in mycorrhizal associations. Another interesting aspect of this enhanced nutrient uptake is the possible effect of mycorrhizae on competitive ability between two plant species. Under some conditions, mycorrhizal... 

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