Phosphates depletion

As stated earlier, mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption. Greater soil exploitation by mycorrhizal roots as a means of increasing phosphate uptake is well established. The normal phosphate depletion zone around non-mycorrhizal roots is 1-2 mm, but an endomycorrhizal root symbiont increased this zone to 7 cm (140). This ability to increase the nutritional level (particularly with regard to phosphorus), and subsequently the overall better growth dynamics of the mycorrhizal plant has been suggested as the reason for the salt (43) and drought (44-46) tolerance and increased nodulation (47) observed in mycorrhizal associations. Another interesting aspect of this enhanced nutrient uptake is the possible effect of mycorrhizae on competitive ability between two plant species. Under some conditions, mycorrhizal... 

Hepatic encephalopathy Hyperbilirubinemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Thiamine deficiency (Wernicke s) encephalopathy Diabetic ketoacidosis Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma Phosphate depletion Hypoglycemia Hypoxemia Hypercapnia... 

Wu,., W. Sunda, E.A. Boyle, and D.M. Karl. 2000. Phosphate depletion in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Science 289 759-762. 

Neurotoxicity Fecal impaction Hypercalcemia Osteomalacia and osteoporosis due to phosphate depletion Phosphorous depletion syndrome... 

Pivnick EK, KerrNC, Kaufman RA, et al. 1995. Rickets secondary to phosphate depletion. Clin Pediatr 34 73-78. 

After phosphate depletion, cells are resuspended in balanced salt solution supplemented with 5% dialyzed FCS and 20 mM HEPES. After addition of [32P]Pi, cells are incubated at 37°C for appropriate times (see Note 2). 

Veldhuis MJW, Admiraal W (1987) Influence of phosphate depletion on the growth and colony formation of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Mar Biol 95 47-54... 

Veldhuis MJW, Admiraal W (1987) Influence of phosphate depletion on the growth and colony formation of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Mar Biol 95 47-54 Veldhuis MJW, Wassmann P (2005) Bloom dynamics and biological control of a high biomass HAB species in European coastal waters a Phaeocystis case study. Harmful Algae 4 805-809... 

Timmermans, K. R., van der Wagt, B., and de Baar, H. J. W. (2004). Growth rates, half-saturation constants, and silicate, nitrate, and phosphate depletion in relation to iron availability of four large, open-ocean diatoms from the Southern Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 2141—2151. 

Internal use in medicine can exploit the alkaline nature and adsorptive capacities of aluminium compounds (as in antacid mixtures, antidiarrheal drugs, and vaccines). Aluminium is found in medications for antacid therapy and phosphate depletion alternatives are under investigation (7). Patients on dialysis take large amounts of oral aluminium hydroxide as a means of reducing serum phosphate. Sucralfate is used to treat peptic ulceration and gastritis. 

A 39-year-old woman who took high doses of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide for peptic ulcer disease (over 18 kg of elemental aluminium and 15 kg of elemental magnesium over 8 years) developed severe osteomalacia due to profound phosphate depletion (60). Bone biopsy showed stainable aluminium deposits along 28% of the total bone surface, a unique observation in a patient with normal renal function. Treatment included withdrawal of the antacid and supplementation with phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D. Her bone mineral density increased over the next 2 years. 

When aluminium is used as a phosphate binder in patients on renal dialysis, absorption and accumulation can occur. Phosphate depletion accompanied by... 

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