Phosphorous, Arsenic, and Antimony

The results of this comparison are presented in Table 10.3. The discrepancy in AfTfy magnitudes for red phosphorus is most probably due to an overestimation of the experimentally obtained magnitude (218 kJ moP ), 

Estimation of the AfTfy magnitude by the third-law method basing on the data obtained in [21], gives the magnitude 192-212 kJ moP (see Sect. 16.1). As can be seen, all of the low evaporation rates can be explained by a partial (for As and Sb) and complete (for P) evaporation of these elements in the form of binary molecules (M2) instead of the more thermodynamically stable M4 molecules. 

Comparison of the decomposition products with the crystal structures of the corresponding substances shows that the equilibrium composition of products is observed only for white phosphorus, having the cubic structure. For elements with structures other than cubic, evaporation occurs with the formation (partial or complete) of binary molecules. Thus, the distinctive feature of crystals with cubic structure to sublime with the formation of equilibrium primary products manifests itself for all the substances considered above oxides, nitrides and white phosphorus. 

Malinin GV, Tolmachev YuM, Yadrintsev VB (1968) Zh Neorg Khim 13 1746-1749 (in Russian) 

International crystal structure data (1996) Gmelin Institute, Karlsruhe 

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Several phosphorous compounds having a P=S bond are also catalysts for this reaction. For example, heating of phenyl isocyanate with triphenylphosphine sulfide at 160 °C affords diphenylcarbodiimide. Since triphenylphosphine sulfide was recovered unchanged, a different mechanism seems to be operative. A tricyclic P S compound, S=P[N(Me)CH2CH2l3N, also catalyzes the transformation of isocyanates to carbodiimides. Triphenylarsine oxide and triphenylantimony oxide also catalyze the conversion of isocyanates into carbodiimides. The catalytic activity of the oxides of phosphorous, arsenic and antimony are in agreement with the dipole moments of... 

C. A. McAuliffe, Transition Metal Complexes of Phosphorous, Arsenic and Antimony Ligands, Macmillan Press, London, 1973. 

In Group 15, there is a complete change of properties from nonmetallic to metallic in going down the group. The lighter members, nitrogen and phosphorous, are typically nonmetals. The middle members, arsenic and antimony, are semimetals. The heaviest member, bismuth, is a metal. 

In spite of the more metallic properties of arsenic and antimony compared to those of phosphor, known homonuclear compounds of these elements do not differ very much from equivalent phosphor derivatives. The most stable arsenic and antimony cage compounds are indeed those isoelectronic with the anion P7" described above. 

Inhibitors which operate mainly on the metal dissolution process would include aromatic and aliphatic amines, various sulphur compounds and carbonyl molecules many phosphorus, arsenic and antimony compounds have a greater effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction. Additions to the metal can have a similar effect, e.g, phosphorous is added to some steels to inhibit H2 evolution. 

A somewhat related breakthrough in elemental fluorine chemistry by Bastian and Ruppert, which is extremely exciting, involves the selective oxidation of phosphorous (61), arsenic (62), antimony (62), and bismuth (62) without fluorine substitutions occurring on the phosphorane, arsane, and so on. 

Mordant - [ALUMINUMCOMPOUNDS - ALUMNUM SULFATE AND ALUMS] (Vol 2) - [ALUMDIUMCOMPOUNDS - ALUMINUM SULFATE AND ALUMS] (Vol 2) - [AMMONIUMCOMPOUNDS] (Vol2) - [PHOSPHORIC ACID AND PHOSPHATES] (Vol 18) -arsenic compounds as [ARSENIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -copper compounds as [COPPER COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7) -magnesium sulfate as [MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -tartar emetic as [ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3)... 

Several of the originally planned chapters, on comparison of silicon compounds with their higher group 14 congeners, interplay between theory and experiment in organisilicon chemistry, silyl radicals, recent advances in the chemistry of silicon-phosphorous,-arsenic,-antimony and -bismuth compounds, and the chemistry of poly silanes, regrettably did not materialize. We hope to include these important chapters in a future complementary volume. The current pace of research in silicon chemistry will certainly soon require the publication of an additional updated volume. 

Compounds and alloys with phosphor, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth KrP, 98 FeP, 282 FeaP, 146 Fe3P, 147 HoP, 146... 

Phosphorous, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth Donor Ligands 260... 

BCI3, BBr3 and the phosphorous hahdes are characterized by Qa as predominantly covalent compounds. The increasing ionic character for arsenic — and especi illy antimony — and bismuth halides is reflected in the increasing tendency for ionization in the liquid state. 

Dezincification can be readily observed because the attacked areas show the color of copper as compared to the yellow brass. Brasses with 15% or less zinc are practically immune. Additions of tin, arsenic, phosphorous, and antimony increase the resistance of brasses to dezincification. Dezincification can occur uniformly, in plugs, or in spots. 

Tin ions are reduced to tin hydride from a boric-acid-buffered medium by means of sodium borohydride, transferred to a heated quartz cuvette by a current of inert gas, decomposed thermally, and the absorption of the atoms is measured in the beam of an atomic-absorption spectrometer. In the hydride technique, the element which is to be determined is volatilized as a gaseous hydride and in this way separated off from the matrix. Interference may occur if there is a considerable excess of elements such as antimony, arsenic, bismuth, mercury, selenium or tellurium which can also be volatilized with this technique. Above all, heavy metals such as copper and nickel in the solution have a disturbing effect during hydride formation itself. Interference due to phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid may also be observed. It is therefore vital to check the method by the addition technique. 

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