Phospho-olivine

Padhi AK, Nanjundaswamy KS, Goodenough JB. Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode material for rechargable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc. 1997 144(4) 1188—94. 

Since the pioneering work of Padhi et al., numerous studies dedicated to improving the electrochemical characteristics of the phospho-olivines have been undertaken. Among the different phospho-olivine materials studied for use in lithium-ion rechargeable cells, the most promising phosphate is LiFeP04, and recently Chung et al. have shown that it is possible to enhance the electronic... 

Padhi, A.K., Nanjundaswamy, K.S., and Goodenough, J.B., Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 1188, 1997. 

Chung, S.-Y. Bloking, J.T. Chiang, Y.-M. Nature materials electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes. Nat. Mater. 2002, 1, 123. 

S.-Y. Chung, IT. Bloking, and Y.-M. Chiang, Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes, Nature materials, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 123-128, 2002. 

Phospho-olivine compotmds containing Co or Ni also exist. LiCoP04 exhibits electrochemical activity at about 4.8 V versus Li/LU [219, 220]. LiNiP04 is predicted to discharge at about 5.1 V in a lithium cell, but appears to be nearly completely inactive [221]. Neither of these is likely to be used as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries in the near term in part because of the very high voltages needed to charge the materials, which present a number of practical problems. 

Omng S-Y, Bloking JT, Oiiang Y-M (2002) Electronically craiductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes. Nat Mater 1 123-128... 

Okada S, Sawa S, Egashira M, Yamaki J-I, Tabuchi M, Kageyama H, Konishi T, Yoshino A (2001) Cathode properties of phospho-olivine LiMP04 for lithium secondary batteries. J Power Sources 97-98 430-432... 

Phospho-olivines as lithium intercalation materials were reported early in 1997. Unfortunately, researchers did not pay much attention to them because olivine phosphates with low electronic conductivity did not allow most of the lithium ions to intercalate/de-intercalate reversibly. This low reversibility could lead to low capacity, particularly at high current densities. Under the strong driving force of safety requirements when lithium ion batteries are used commercially for both portable devices and EV/HEV applications, olivine phosphate cathode materials, especially LiFeP04, have been revisited globally by researchers since the beginning of the 2F century. Attractive features are... 

Piana M, Arrabito M, Bodoardo S, D Epifanio A, Satolli D, Croce F, Sciosati B (2002) Characterization of phospho-olivines as materials for Li-ion celle cathodes. Ionics 8 17-26... 

Polyanion compounds such as phospho-olivines have been commercialized as positive electrode materials in lithium ion batteries and may represent a promising class of materials for magnesium batteries. Electrochemical investigation of MgMnSi04 was conducted by NuLi et al. [39, 40] using DCC electrolytes at C/20... 

Barker, J., Saidi, M.Y., and Swoyer, J.L. (2003) Lithium iron(II) phospho-olivines prepared by a novel carbothermal reduction method. Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 6 (3), A53-A55. 

Chimg, S.Y., Bloking, J.T., and Chiang, Y.M. (2002) Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithiiun storage electrodes. Nat Mater., 1 (2), 123-128. 

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