Phosphate stabilizer

The PCAs tend to exhibit good performance as iron dispersants, phosphate stabilizers, and corrosion inhibitors, with additional good thermal and hydrolytic stability. 

A novel application of phosphate-stabilized ylides in intramolecular reactions has been reported by Martin and Cheavens (87). Thus, condensation of aldehydes of the type 293 with the amine 294 furnished the intermediate azomethine ylide, which then underwent a cycloaddition process, leading to pyrrolidines 295, where... 

Phosphate stabilization of municipal solid waste combustion residues geochemical principles... 

In France, a number of researchers have explored the washing, phosphate stabilization, and sintering or calcination of residues (Derie 1996 Iretskya et al. 1999 Nzihou Sharrock 2002 Piantone et al. 2003). The formation of more crystalline hydroxyapatite reaction products helps reduce leachability of metals incor-... 

Confirmation of phosphate stabilization mechanisms in phosphate-stabilized MSW ashes... 

Table 7. Identified phosphate mineral reaction products in phosphate-stabilized AfS lV dry scrubber residues... 

Evaluation of longer term performance of phosphate-stabilized ashes... 

The longer term efficacy of the phosphate stabilization of combined bottom ash and scrubber residues has been evaluated since 1988 through the... 

Generally, the phosphate stabilization process reduced the leachability of the elements from the treated ash. Percentage reductions in leaching were 90% for Pb, 44% for Cu, and 33% for Zn. 

There are opportunities to further explore the geochemistry of phosphate stabilization of... 

Crannell, B. S., Eighmy, T. T., Krzanowski, J. R. Eusden, J. D. Jr. 1999. Phosphate stabilization mechanisms for heavy metals in electric arc furnace smelter dusts. In Nikolaidis, N., Erkey, C. Smets, B. (eds) Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 561-570. 

Eighmy, T. T., Crannell, B. S. etal. 1999/ Characterization and phosphate stabilization of dusts from the vitrification of MSW combustion residues. Waste Management, 18, 513-524. 

Eusden, J. D., Gallagher, L. et al. 2002. Petrographic and spectroscopic characterization of phosphate-stabilized mine tailings from Leadville, Colorado. Waste Management, 22, 117-135. 

Nzihou, A. Sharrock, P. 2002. Calcium phosphate stabilization of fly ash with chloride extraction. Waste Management, 22, 235-239. 

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