Philosophy dynamic

The most celebrated textual embodiment of the science of energy was Thomson and Tait s Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867). Originally intending to treat all branches of natural philosophy, Thomson and Tait in fact produced only the first volume of the Treatise. Taking statics to be derivative from dynamics, they reinterpreted Newton s third law (action-reaction) as conservation of energy, with action viewed as rate of working. Fundamental to the new energy physics was the move to make extremum (maximum or minimum) conditions, rather than point forces, the theoretical foundation of dynamics. The tendency of an entire system to move from one place to another in the most economical way would determine the forces and motions of the various parts of the system. Variational principles (especially least action) thus played a central role in the new dynamics. 

In many ways, May s sentiment echoes the basic philosophy behind the study of CA, the elementary versions of which, as we have seen, are among the simplest conceivable dynamical systems. There are indeed many parallels and similarities between the behaviors of discrete-time dissipative dynamical systems and generic irreversible CA, not the least of which is the ability of both to give rise to enormously complicated behavior in an attractive fashion. In the subsections below, we introduce a variety of concepts and terminology in the context of two prototypical discrete-time mapping systems the one-dimensional Logistic map, and the two-dimensional Henon map. 

The same basic philosophy as above was applied to the development of a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) dynamic service-realistic test facility for seals. This facility provided the means... 

The bulk chemical commodity producing companies (e.g., refineries, petrochemicals) have been practicing this philosophy for some time, using dynamic models to contain operational variability through feedback controllers, and employing static models to determine the optimal levels of operating conditions (Lasdon and Baker, 1986 Garcia and Prett, 1986). 

Phillips of the BHR Group, UK, provides a compact definition of process intensification, saying it is ... a design philosophy whereby the fluid dynamics in a process are matched to its chemical, biological and/or physical requirements,. .. [27]. In this way, significant benefits are gained, those listed above. 

Nye, Mary Jo. 1993. From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines 1800-1950. Berkeley University of California Press. 

More specific results are beyond the scope of our limited presentation for plumes. However, we will examine some gross features of transient plumes namely (a) the rise of a starting plume and (b) the dynamics of a fire ball due to the sudden release of a finite burst of gaseous fuel. Again, our philosophy here is not to develop exact solutions, but to represent the relevant physics through approximate analyses. In this way, experimental correlations for the phenomena can be better appreciated. 

In 1687, Newton summarized his discoveries in terrestrial and celestial mechanics in his Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), one of the greatest milestones in the history of science. In this work he showed how his (45) principle of universal gravitation provided an explanation both of falling bodies on the earth and of the motions of planets, comets, and other bodies in the heavens. The first part of the Principia, devoted to dynamics, includes Newton s three laws of motion the second part to fluid motion and other topics and the third part to the system of the (50) world, in which, among other things, he provides an explanation of Kepler s laws of planetary motion. 

From chemical philosophy to theoretical chemistry dynamics of matter and dynamics of disciplines, 18001950 / Mary Jo Nye. p. cm. 

For chemistry as a whole, and for each of these chemical disciplines, there developed a historical (indeed, genealogical) legacy and a core literature, as well as a set of shared problems, practices, principles, and values. Thomas Kuhn has treated such disciplinary components as categories of the "paradigm" or the "disciplinary matrix," which are useful in understanding normal science before its transformation during a period of revolution.5 My concern is not revolution but the evolution of eighteenth-century chemical philosophy, whose practitioners aspired to understand the dynamics of matter, into twentieth-century theoretical chemistry, whose practitioners claimed to do so. 

Dynamics, namely, the mechanism of chemical reactivity, was not the only conceptual core to chemistry. We might focus as well on the concepts of chemical "species" and chemical "constitution," and indeed these concepts figure in the history that follows. However, the dynamics of matter was a kernel at the heart of chemistry, with varying paces of growth. It constituted both disputed and common territory for practitioners of chemical philosophy and natural philosophy. More recently, it provided a point of controversy and an area of compromise for practitioners of the disciplines of physics and chemistry. Thus, the dynamics of matter is a theme providing especially important insights into the relations between chemistry and physics as intellectual systems, at the same time that the social dynamics of individuals and groups also helps to explain disciplinary development.8... 

The lack of dynamic models and rigorous mathematics makes nineteenth-century chemistry a different science from physics, but it is no less methodologically sophisticated. Chemists employed varieties of signs, metaphors, and conventions with self-conscious examination and debates among themselves. Nineteenth-century chemists were neither militant empiricists nor naive realists. These chemists were relatively unified in their focus on problems and methods that provided a common core for the chemical discipline, and the language and imagery they used strongly demarcated mid-nineteenth-century chemistry from the field of mid-nineteenth-century physics and natural philosophy. 

There has evolved over the past three decades a set of general concepts that have revolutionized the way we regard and study systems in nature. Their basic premises run counter to the Newtonian reductionistic approaches and might thus be labelled post-Newtonian concepts. The central theme of this new philosophy is the recognition that the behaviour and properties of a system are non-linear combinations of the subsystems. Such a system is endowed with complexity and displays specific properties that emerge from dynamic interactions between the subsystems. We discuss briefly complexity and emergence as the two pillars of post-Newtonian thought. 

Engineers, by contrast, are constantly faced with physical theories that apply at different length and time scales, and they must make sense of them and know when to apply which theory to what situation. Perhaps the situation in philosophy should be viewed similarly. That is, perhaps different forms of philosophical argument should be applied in different circumstances. In particular, perhaps ethical theory should be viewed in dynamic systems terms, and different modes of philosophical thought should be considered in terms of when they came to be applied and how that mode of thought interacted with other beliefs about ethical matters. 

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