Law of action and reaction

Newton s third law of action and reaction is somewhat less fundamental than the conservation law and states that action and reaction are equal and opposite. Hence, if a body A exerts a force (action) on a body B, then B will exert an equal and opposite force (reaction) on A. Applied to a rocket, the downward force on the product gases from the nozzle is equal to the upward force on the rocket. 

A point worthy of notice is that the force of explosion of the propelling powder is exerted equally upon the projectile and upon the gun in terms of Newton s Law of Action and Reaction. The backward acceleration of the gun, proportionally to its weight, is nearly the same as that of the projectile, and results in the phenomenon of recoil. 

From Newton s law of action and reaction the stress vector resulting from the force exerted by the material inside an arbitrary volume V upon the material surrounding it across the element surface 8A is... 

Streaming Potential. Like electrophoresis, streaming potential is essentially a surface technique. It is, furthermore, the opposite of electrophoresis in which an electrical field is imposed across the finely divided substrate in suspension, and motion of the particles results. (See Fig. 19.) For streaming potential, relative motion is imposed by forcing liquid through a porous bed of the substrate by Newton s law of action and reaction, an electrical potential will be generated across the bed. 

Newton s third law of action and reaction says that a force exerted by the surroundings on the system is opposed by a force of equal magnitude exerted in the opposite direcrion by the system on the surroundings. Thus the expressions in Eq. 3.1.1 can be replaced by... 

Newton s third law is called the law of action and reaction. It asserts that if one object exerts a force on a seeond object, the second object exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the first force. If F21 is the force exerted on the second object and if F12 is the force exerted on the first object, then... 

In the following analysis, the spring in Figure 3.2a is identified by a prime ( ) and dashpot by a double prime (") as shown. Continuity of stress (statics or Newton s law of action and reaction) requires that... 

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