Mating pheromones

Welter, S.C., Pickel, C., Millar, J., Cave, F., Van Steenwyk, R.A. and Dunley, J. (2005) Pheromone mating disruption offers management options for key pests. Calif. Agric., 59 (1), 16-22. 

Sexual conjugation in yeast is also induced by pheromones (mating factors).325-327 Yeast cells of mating type a synthesize the 12-residue mating factor a which contains a C-terminal cysteine methyl ester S-alkylated with a frans,frans-farnesyl group (Table 30-5). Cells of type a synthesize a 13-residue factor ol 327a Cells are attracted to the pheromone produced by cells of the opposite type. The tremerogens, sex hormones of certain basidiomycetes, have related structures (Table 30-5)328... 

Cobb M. and Jallon J. M. (1990) Pheromones, mate recognition and courtship stimulation in the Drosophila melanogaster species sub-group. Anim. Behav. 39, 1058-1069. 

Hereon Insect Pheromone Mating-Disruptant Products... 

Functional group transformations of epoxides rank among the fundamental reactions of organic chemistry and epoxides are commonplace natural products The female gypsy moth for example attracts the male by emittmg an epoxide known as disparlure On detechng the presence of this pheromone the male follows the scent to its ongm and mates with the female... 

Kollack-Walker S. and Newman S.W. (1997). Mating-induced expression of c-fos in the male Syrian hamster brain role of experience, pheromones, and ejaculations. Neurobiol J 32, 481-501. 

Keywords Pheromones Female moth Male attractants Chemical ecology Mating disruption... 

Different from the use of ordinal insecticides, this disruption method has high target selectivity and, as would be desired, ensures the survival of natural enemies. The sex pheromone, which shows no toxicity to mammals, is an ideal insect-behavior regulator (IBR). Table 8 shows the application areas of main mating disruptants for lepidopteran insects. In addition to the use of the synthetic pheromone of P. gossypiella in large cotton fields, many disruptants are... 

Arn H, Toth M, Priesner E (1992) List of sex pheromones of Lepidoptera and related attractants. OILB-SROP/IOBC-WPRS, France, ISBN 92-9067-044-4 Arn H, T6th M, Priesner E (1997) Techno Trans Mating Disrup 20 257... 

This chapter reviews the literature of semiochemical (mostly pheromone) identification in Hymenoptera published since 1990. For this review, we separate the order Hymenoptera into the following three, somewhat overlapping, classes to reflect their differences in biology and semiochemistry solitary, parasitic, and social (Table 1). Although there is considerable literature on the semiochemical activity of specific glandular extracts and the chemical composition of specific glands, only those chemicals with demonstrated pheromonal (or semiochemical) activity will be specifically discussed here. The earlier literature of pheromones in social hymenoptera has previously been reviewed [4-6]. There have been more recent reviews of pheromones in social hymenoptera [7-10], parasitic wasps [11,12], sawflies and seed wasps [13,14], and mating pheromones across Hymenoptera [15]. 

All of the suborder Symphyta and many species in the superfamily Aculeata in the suborder Apocrita are solitary insects. Although not requiring the complex semiochemistry of parasitic or social insects, solitary insects employ pheromones for mating, territorial marking, and host marking. Unfortunately, very few of these have been chemically identified. The pheromones of sawflies and seed wasps were extensively reviewed in 1999 [ 14]. The semiochemicals recently identified in solitary hymenoptera, discussed below, are summarized in Table 2 and Fig. 1. 

In recent years, there is only one example of a pheromone in solitary Apocrita being chemically identified. Chiral GC and chiral GC-EAD provided identification of (3S)-(+)-linalool 8 >99.9% e.e. as a mandibular gland mate attractant in both males and females of Colletes cunicularius. Male contact with a scented source could be initiated with 5 ng per lure (3S)-(+)-linalool, which may act as both a sex attractant and a food attractant [35]. 

Although not studied extensively, males of social hymenoptera certainly produce pheromones. Male ants produce aggregation pheromones that attract both sexes to mating areas [6] as well as cause virgin alates to disperse from their colony [ 6 ]. However, these have not been chemically elucidated. 

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