Insect-behavior regulator

Different from the use of ordinal insecticides, this disruption method has high target selectivity and, as would be desired, ensures the survival of natural enemies. The sex pheromone, which shows no toxicity to mammals, is an ideal insect-behavior regulator (IBR). Table 8 shows the application areas of main mating disruptants for lepidopteran insects. In addition to the use of the synthetic pheromone of P. gossypiella in large cotton fields, many disruptants are... 

Ellgaard, E.G., J.T. Barber, S.C. Tiwari, and A.L. Friend. 1979. An analysis of the swimming behavior of fish exposed to the insect growth regulators, methoprene and diflubenzuron. Mosquito News 39 311-314. 

Forward, R.B., Jr. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1978. Sublethal effects of insect growth regulators upon crab larval behavior. Water Air Soil Pollut. 9 227-238. 

The Control of Insect Growth" symposium, organized by Julius Menn, highlighted recent advances in the biochemistry of regulation of development by insect growth regulators, anti juvenile hormones, and behavior modification governed by antifeedants, pheromones, and defensive secretions. 

Insects are so successful because of their mobility, high reproductive potential, ability to exploit plants as a food resource, and to occupy so many ecological niches. Plants are essentially sessile and can be seen to produce flowers, nector, pollen, and a variety of chemical attractants to induce insect cooperation in cross-pollination. However, in order to reduce the efficiency of insect predation upon them, plants also produce a host of structural, mechanical, and chemical defensive artifices. The most visible chemical defenses are poisons, but certain chemicals, not intrinsically toxic, are targeted to disrupt specific control systems in insects that regulate discrete aspects of insect physiology, biochemistry, and behavior. Hormones and pheromones are unique regulators of insect growth, development, reproduction, diapause, and behavior. Plant secondary chemicals focused on the disruption of insect endocrine and pheromone mediated processes can be visualized as important components of plant defensive mechanisms. 

The first section. Bioregulation of Insect Behavior and Development, includes chapters on arthropod and insect repellents, the identification of a beetle pheromone, nonparalyzing factors fi om hymenoptera, endogenous regulation of pheromone biosynthesis and mating, and systems for controlled release of pheromones. 

The reversal of enantiomeric elution order for the polysaccharide CSP was first reported by Okamoto et al. in 1991. They found that the reversal of the elution order of the enantiomers on a modified cellulose column was associated with changes in the mobile phase modifiers during the investigation of the direct chromatographic enantioseparation of pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator. If one can find such phenomena, although very rare in HPLC, it will be important to understand the reasons for this behavior and to anticipate when such inversions of elution order are likely to occur. 

Inscoe, M. N., and M. Beroza Analysis of pheromones and other compounds controlling insect behavior. In G. Zweig and J. Sherma, Eds., Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. VIII, Government Regulations, Pheromone Analysis, Additional Pesticides, p. 31—114. New York Academic Press. 1976. 

In undisturbed ecosystems, plant and herbivorous Insect populations coexist In a steady state condition dictated by external biological and physical factors (parasites, predators, precipitation, temperature, soil quality, etc.). But this balance is also regulated by myriads of very fundamental Interactions, many or even most of which are yet unknown, between the plant allelochemi-cals and the biochemical, physiological, and behavioral functions of the Insect herbivores ( 1). 

With regard to male behavior, several recent reports have delineated the time course of maturation of male sexual response, its diel periodicity and circadian regulation, and behavioral tactics employed by males in orienting to females. As in other insects, cockroaches integrate visual and olfactory cues, but the orientation mechanisms have been little studied, especially under natural conditions. In... 

Neural and hormonal regulation of calling behavior in Blattella germanica females. Journal of Insect Physiology 40 251-258. 

This book is designed as a sourcebook for the next decade of research, and we hope it fills this expectation. Chapters have been assembled from experts who are at the frontiers of pheromone physiology, biochemistry, morphology, neurobiology and molecular biology. Ultimately, just as behavioral chemicals themselves have been extended to pest management, research on pheromone biosynthesis, hormonal regulation and reception may be directed toward application and ultimately used in insect control. 

Ultimately, just as behavioral chemicals themselves have been extended to pest management, research on pheromone biosynthesis and its regulation may be directed toward application. This might include the culturing of insect tissues... 

Davis E. E. (1984) Regulation of sensitivity in the peripheral chemoreceptor systems for host-seeking behavior by a haemolymph-bome factor in Aedes aegypti. J. Insect. Physiol. 30, 179-183. 

---