Phenoxyacetic acids 2,4-Dichloro

Step C Preparation of 2,3-Dich/oro-4-f2-Methylenebutyryl)Phenoxyacetic Acid - The Mannich compound obtained as described above is treated with aqueous sodium bicarbonate to form 2,3-dichloro-4-(2-methYlenebutvrYl)phenoxyacetic acid, MP 115° to 118°C. Two re-crystallizations from a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane give white solid material melting at 118.5° to 120.5°C. 

Holben WE, BM Schroeter, VGM Calabrese, RH Olsen, JK Kukor, VO Biederbeck, AE Smith, JM Tiedje (1992) Gene probe analysis of soil microbial populations selected by amendment with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 3941-3948. 

Kitagawa W, S Takami, K Miyauchi, E Masai, Y Kamagata, JM Tiedje, M Fukuda (2002) Novel 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid degradation genes from oligotrophic Bradyrhizobium sp strain HW 13 isolated from a pristine environment. J Bacteriol 184 509-518. 

Step B Preparation of 2,3-Dichloro-4-[2-(Dimethylaminomethyl) Butyryl]Phenoxyacetic Acid Hydrochloride - In a 100 ml round flask equipped with an outlet tube suitable for application of intermittent suction, an intimate mixture of 5.20 grams (0.0179 mol) 2,3-dichloro-4-butyrylphenoxyacetic acid 0.63 gram (0.0209 mol) paraformaldehyde 1.59 grams (0.0195 mol) dry dimethylamine hydrochloride and 4 drops acetic acid is heated on the steam... 

Devine et al. [188] adjust the water sample (1L) to pH2 with hydrochloric acid and extract it with benzene (100, 50 and 50mL). The extract is dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated to 0.1 mL and methylated by the addition of diazomethane in ethyl ether (lmL). After lOmin, the volume is reduced to about O.lmL, acetone is added and an aliquot is analysed by gas chromatography on one of three columns (1) 5% SE-30 on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb W at 175°C, (2) 2% QF-1 on 90-100 mesh Anakron ABS at 175°C or (3) 20% Carbowax 20m on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb W at 220°C In each instance nitrogen is the carrier gas and detection is by electron capture. The minimum detectable amount of pesticide in water was 2 parts per 109 for MCPA (4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid) and 0.01-0.05 parts per 109 for 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-... 

In addition to the amount of pesticide present, the degradation rate could be affected by the availability of the chemical for degradation. Ogram et al. (30) have recently presented evidence suggesting that only the 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid) in soil solution, but not that adsorbed on soil colloids, could be degraded by soil microbes both in soil solution and sorbed on soil colloids. Other considerations should also be given to the nature and quantity of soil microbial biomass present in relation to nutrient availability (26,28,31) and the adaptability of microbes, either by natural selection or by genetic manipulation, to attack and utilize the pesticide chemical (32). 

Bond GG, McLaren EA, Cartmill JB, et al Cause-specific mortality among male chemical workers. Am J Ind Med 12 353-383,1987 Bond GG, Wetterstroem NH, Roush GJ, et al Cause specific mortality among employees engaged in the manufacture, formulation, or packaging of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid and related salts. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 45 98-105, 1988... 

Hydrolysis Catfish, Bluegill 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid esters... 

Taurine conjugation Flounder 2,4-Dichloro- phenoxyacetic acid... 

D Esters Butoxyethyl 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetate Butyl 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetate 2, 4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic Acid Butoxyethyl Ester... 

Dichloro- phenoxyacetic Acid Data not available Data not available 375 mg/kg (rat) 80 mg/kg (human) Not pertinent... 

Riihimaki V, Asp S, and Hernberg S Mortality of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide applicators in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 8 37-42, 1982. 

For arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid) or 2,4,5-TP (2,4,5-trichlorophenox3q>ropionic acid) Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods . 

In addition to its use in resins and adhesives, phenol is also the starting material for the synthesis of chlorinated phenols and the food preservatives BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxy-anisole). Pentachlorophenol, a widely used wood preservative, is prepared by reaction of phenol with excess Cl2. The herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid) is prepared from 2,4-dichlorophenol, and the hospital antiseptic agent hexachlorophene is prepared from 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. 

CD oi Q a. o 15 o Ph Isopropyl ester of 2,4-D DCPA 2,4-D ester Dacthal isopropyl ester of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid tetrachloroterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester... 

MCPB, 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid DDA, bis(j7-chlorophenyl)acetic acid DDT, l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane 2,4-D, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid PCP, pentachlorophenol. NA, not available. 

Kalab T. and Skladal P., Disposable mnltichannel immnnosensors for 2,4-D dichloro-phenoxyacetic acids nsing acetylcholinesterase as an enzyme label. Electroanalysis, 9(4), 293-297, 1997. 

Rosso, G.C., Masushige, S., Warren, C.D., Kiorpes, T. Wolf, G. (1976) The Anomeric Configuration of the D-Mannosyl Retinyl Phosphate Formed in Rat Liver Microsomes , Journal of Biological Chemistry, 251, 6465-7 Rubery, P.H. Northcote, D.H. (1970) The Effect of Auxin (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic Acid) on the Synthesis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Cultured Sycamore Cells , Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 222, 95-108... 

A case of palmoplantar keratoderma, scleroderma and chloracne was reported in an agricultural worker who had been a weed sprayer for 5 years. He had used 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and/or 2,4 dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, both of which may contain chlorinated dibenzodioxins as impurities. He also had been chronically exposed to multiple other, non-chloracne associated herbicides, some of which have been associated with scleroderma. Safety equipment was not utilized (Poskitt et al. 1994). 

Analytes of biological importance can also be detected with CNT-porphyrin nanoreactors. Thns, Sndan 1 (l-phenylazo-2-naphthol), a food coloring agent with metabolites associated with bladder cancer, could be detected in real samples nsing iron(ni) tetraphenylporphyrin-SWCNT systan to modify a glassy carbon electrode [232]. On the other hand, the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid) was selectively detected by a sensor made by modifying a carbon paste electrode with iron(llI) mc50-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphy-rin/MWCNT composite [233]. 

For several other adsorption systems the work is only readily available in abstract form. Activated carbon was the adsorbent used with the following systems p-lCv—C<))alkylphenols from aqueous solution, 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solution, isoamyl alcohol from ethanol+ water mixtures,and the herbicide atrazine from aqueous solution. ... 

Ylidenebutenolides of general constitution (42) have been reported amongst the products of metabolism of the hormone herbicides 4-chloro-, 4-chloro-2-methyl-, and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acids (44, 45, 46). 

Butyl2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate 2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic Acid, Butoxyethyl Ester 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Isopropyl Ester Isopropyl... 

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