Ropionic acid

Acrylic acid free of water has been prepared by frcaling lead acrylate with hydrogen sulfide by heating roino propionic acid with copper by dry distillation of a mixture of equivalent amounts of sodium acrylate and f-diloro )ropionic acid, and by the two methods described in tliese preparations. ... 

For arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid) or 2,4,5-TP (2,4,5-trichlorophenox3q>ropionic acid) Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods . 

Fig.3. Conversion o ropionic acid and butyric acid in an equimolar mixture of these compounds over H-T zeolite against time-on-stream (expressed as g of acids fed to the reactor per g of catalyst).

Scheme 2 Synthesis of the linear dyad 1. (a) Imidazole ropionic acid (10 1, v/v), 140°C, 4 h (26%) (b) Pd(PPh3)4], K2CO3/H2O, toluene, 80°C, 16 h (c) propionic acid, 150°C, 16 h (d) Pd(PPh3)4], K2CO3/H2O, toluene, 80°C, 16 h, 72% (e) 4-bromo-aniline, propionic acid, 150°C, 16 h, 88% (/) [PdCl2(dppf)] CH2CI2, bis(pinacolato)diboron, 1,4-dioxane, KOAc, 70°C, 16 h, 78% (g) [Pd(PPh3>4], K2CO3/H2O, toluene, 80°C, 16 h, 40% (h) ethanolamine, K2CO3, 160°C, 0.5 h, 20%. Route A one-pot imidization. Route B base-promoted coupling reaction between napthalene monoimide derivatives...

An (/ )-stereospecific amidase from B. imperiale B222 was used for the s3mthesis of (/ )-2-arylox3 ropionic acids (compounds with high herbicidal tivity [85]) in almost optically pure form (e.e. 86-95%). During hydrolysis of the corresponding racemic nitriles, the (5)-amides were recovered (e.e, 76-95%). In Fig. 30 only the e.e. values of the unsubstituted amide and acid products are shown. The racemic nitrile substrates were supposed to be quickly and nonselectively hydrated to the amides followed by a slow (/ )-stereospecific amidase reaction [86]. This was supported by the finding of a nonspecific hydration of racemic nitriles by the partially purified nitrile hydratase and an (i )-specific hydrolysis of racemic amides by the partially purified amidase [87]. 

Apart from the reaction of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with methyllithium, cyclohexyl methyl ketone has been prepared by the reaction of cyclohexylmagnesium halides with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride and by the reaction of methylmagnesium iodide with cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride. Other preparative methods include the aluminum chloride-catalyzed acetylation of cyclohexene in the presence of cyclohexane, the oxidation of cyclohexylmethylcarbinol, " the decarboxylation and rearrangement of the glycidic ester derived from cyclohexanone and M)utyl a-chloroj)ropionate, and the catalytic hydrogenation of 1-acetylcycIohexene. "... 

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