Phenoxy acid herbicides chromatography

Chlorinated [407,408] and 2,4-dinitrophenoxy acid herbicides [409] have been determined. liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry has been used as an analytical finish [408]. Crescenzi et al. [410] evaluated the feasibility of selectively and rapidly extracting herbicide residues in soils by hot water and collecting analytes with a Carbograph 4 solid-phase extraction cartridge set on-line with the extraction cell. Phenoxy acid herbicides and those non-acidic and acidic herbicides that are often used in combination with phenoxy acids were selected for this study. Five soil samples were... 

Takino, M., Daishima, S., and Nakahara, T., Automated online in-tube solid-phase microextraction followed hy liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the determination of chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental water. Analyst, 126, 602-608,... 

Nilsson, T., Baglio, D., Galdo-Miguez, I., 0gaard Madsen, J., and Facchetti, S., Dramatization/solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of phenoxy acid herbicides in aqueous samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 826, 211-216, 1998. 

M. Akerblom and B. Lindgren, Simultaneous determination of active ingredients and chlorophenol impurities in phenoxy acid herbicide formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet and electrochemical detection, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 258, 302-306. 

Wu, J., Ee, K.H., and Lee, H.K., Automated d)mamic liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental waters, J. Chromatogr. A, 1082,121, 2005. 

Goerlitz, D.F. and Lamar, W.L. Determination of Phenoxy Acid Herbicides in Water by Electron Capture and Microcoulometric Gas Chromatography, Geological... 

Renberg [35] used an ion-exchange technique for the determination of chlorophenols and phenoxy acetic acid herbicides in soil. In this method the soil extracts are mixed with Sephadex QAE A-25 anion exchanger and the adsorbed materials are then eluted with a suitable solvent. The chlorinated phenols are converted into their methyl ethers and the chlorinated phenoxy acids into their methyl or 2-chloroethyl esters for gas chromatography. 

Di Corcia and Marchetti [160] determined chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester type herbicides in amounts down to lmg kg-1 or lower in soil by liquid chromatography combined with particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. 

Dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid, 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxy acetic acid Herbicide derivatised to its methyl or 2-chlororethyl ester, then gas chromatography. 70 - 74% recovery [169]... 

Kim, I.S., F.I. Sasins, R.D. Stephens, J. Wang, and M.A. Brown. 1991. Determination of chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester herbicides in soil and water by liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Anal. Chem. 63 819-823. 

Farran, A. and Ruiz, S., Application of solid-phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to the study of hydrolytic and photolytic degradation of phenoxy acid and phenylurea herbicides, J. Chromatogr. A, 1024, 261-214, 2004. 

Another growing technique is super-critical fluid chromatography. Recent references to soil analysis include the following applications aliphatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, dioxins, alkyl and aryl phosphates, chloro, organophosphorus, triazine, substituted urea, phenoxy acetic acid, Dacthal herbicides and insecticides and mixtures of herbicides and pesticides and mixtures of organic compounds. 

Additional peaks and improved resolution of peaks were obtained after cleanup and column chromatography separations. The method of analysis is described by the flow diagram shown in Figure 3. An aliquot of the air-dried dust was slurried with water, adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid, and then repeatedly extracted in a Waring blendor with a solvent mixture of hexane and diethyl ether, 1 + 1 (v./v.). A portion of the extract was used for herbicide analysis in which methylation with diazomethane and gas chromatography were employed for the detection of the methyl ester of the chloro-alkyl phenoxy compounds. 

Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) 0.1 (class), 0.5 (total) Severe eye and dermal irritation, neurotoxicity, and hepatic dysfunction The use as a systemic herbicide for control of broad-leaved weeds, including aquatic weeds 0.1 pg/1 by gas-liquid chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detection... 

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