Phenol chlorobenzene

The major aromatics (organics having at least one ring structure with six carbon atoms) manufactured include benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene. Other aromatics manufactured include phenol, chlorobenzene, styrene, phthalic and maleic anhydride, nitrobenzene, and aniline. Benzene is generally recovered from cracker streams at petrochemical plants and is used for the manufacture of phenol, styrene, aniline, nitrobenzene, sulfonated detergents, pesticides such as hexachlorobenzene, cyclohexane (an important intermediate in synthetic fiber manufacture), and caprolactam, used in the manufacture of nylon. Benzene is also used as a general purpose solvent. 

This diazotization reaction is compatible with the presence of a wide variety of substituents on the benzene ring. Arenediazonium salts are extremely important in synthetic chemistry, because the diazonio group (N=N) can be replaced by a nucleophile in a radical substitution reaction, e.g. preparation of phenol, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene. Under proper conditions, arenediazonium salts react with certain aromatic compounds to yield products of the general formula Ar-N=N-Ar, called azo compounds. In this coupling reaction, the nitrogen of the diazonium group is retained in the product. 

Useful for high-boiling compounds and highly polar compounds alcohols, phenols, chlorobenzenes, aliphatic and aromatic amines and acids, etc. 

The partial electrochemical fluorination of benzene (I), phenol, chlorobenzene (2), ethylbenzene (3), and naphthalene (4) was investigated31 in a cell with a platinum anode (3x17 cm) and a Monel cathode (distances between the electrodes 1.5 to 2.0 mm), in Et3N 3HF as electrolyte with a voltage of 3 to 5 V (5 mA cm-2). The electrolyte was pumped through a degasifier with a HF resistant flow inducer (30 to 50 mL min-1). The reaction mixture was dissolved in HzO and extracted with CH2C12. The products are indicated below. 

H2O (46 mol%), CO (18), CO2 (31), CH4 (1.2), HCN (1.3), and smaller quantities of, N2O. NO, CH3CI, ethylene, acetylene, cyanogen, acetonitrile, acetone, acetic acid, cyanogen chloride, propenenitrile, benzene, toluene, benzonitrile, phenol, chlorobenzene... 

Polymer X Elvanol 7130-M (100% hydrolyzed PVA) was dried in a vacuum oven at 37°C and at 8 mm Hg for 24 hours. The dried PVA was placed in molecular sieve-dried-pyridine (5% wt/vol) and heated at 70°C for 6 hours. A mixture of 0.35 mole equivalents of p-methoxycinnamoyl chloride, and 0.55 mole equivalents of benzoyl chloride was added to the swollen PVA gel in two portions. First, half the mixture was added and the reaction was stirred at 70°C for 12 hours followed by addition of the other half. After the addition of the acid chloride was complete the reaction was stirred an additional 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooled and the precipitated pyridine hydrochloride was collected by filtration. The clear pyridine solution was slowly poured into distilled water under vigorous agitation and the precipitated polymer was collected and dried. Polymer X displayed a Tg = 92°C and an I.V. = 1.15 (phenol/chlorobenzene). 

Inherent viscosity determined at a cone, of 0.5 g/dl in 1 1 phenol-chlorobenzene. 

The reaction of Clj with a number of mixtures including butan-l-ol and butan-2-ol cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, and hexachlorocyclohexane and phenol, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene (isomeric mixture) proceeded similarly. Many other similar types of mixtures are likely to undergo COCl /CCl formation under such severe conditions. Indeed, this system can be extended under such forcing conditions (550-660 "C and 80-300 atmospheres) to the reaction of Clj with mixtures of CO, CO or HjO with benzene, chlorinated benzenes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, trichloroethane, trichloroethene, or tetrachloroethene [1714]. The hydrogen in the system appears as HCl, and some perchlorinated compounds tend to be formed, but the principal carbon-containing products are COCl and CCl. ... 

Viscosity Measurements. Viscosities were determined using an Ostwald-Fenske capillary viscometer. Measurements were made at 25°C and at a concentration or 2.5 mg/mL in 1 1 phenol-chlorobenzene. 

The foUowing activity coefficients and interaction parameters determined by GLC for solute-statistical copolymers may be found in the literature (a) forty three non-polar and polar solutes on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with 29% weight of vinyl acetate at 150.6 and 160.5°C [105] chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, butyl alcohol, butyl chloride, cyclohexanol, cyclohexane, phenol, chlorobenzene and pentanone-2 on the same copolymer with 18% weight vinyl acetate at 135°0 [102], normal xdkanes (C5, Oj, Og, Ojo), oct-l-ene, chlorinated derivatives, n-butanol, toluene, benzene, methyl-propyl-ketone and n-butyl-cyclohexane on the copolymer mentioned with 40% weight vinyl acetate at 65, 75 and 85°0 [68, 106] (b) n-nonane, benzene, chloroform, methyl-ethyl-ketone and ethanol in methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer with 10% butyl methacrylate [32] (c) hydrocarbons in styrene-alkyl methacrylates copolymers at 140°C [101] (d) the solutes in (b) on butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer with 34% weight acrylonitrile [68]. 

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