Shape memory polymers phase change materials

Key words shape memory effect through indirect heating electro-active shape memory effect magnetic-active shape memory effect light-active shape memory polymer phase change material. 

Phase changing materials—thermoregulating, shape memory polymers... 

Shape memory polymers with novel functions electro-active, magnetically-active, light-adaptive and phase change materials... 

Smart textiles is a new aspect in textile that is a multidiscipline field of research in many sciences and technologies such as textile, physics, chemistry, medicine, electronics, polymers, biotechnology, telecommunications, information technology, microelectronics, wearable computers, nanotechnology and micro-electromechanical machines. Shape memory materials (SMMs), conductive materials, phase change materials (PCMs), chromic materials, photonic fibers, mechanical responsive materials, intelligent coating/membranes, micro and nanomaterials and piezoelectric materials are applied in smart textiles [34]. 

In the literature, the constitutive equation for both the amorphous polymer and crystalline polymer has been well established. Therefore, we can direcdy use these relations to model the amorphous phase and crystalline phase of the SMPFs. We then need to consider the cychc texture change of both subphases because the mechanical behaviors of the individual microconstituents may vary when they are packed in a multiphase material system and a certain deviation in their mechanical responses may exist between the individual and their assembled configurations. Since this is a shape memory material, we also need to model the shape recovery behavior. After that, we can use the above micromechanics relation to assemble the macroscopic constitutive relation. In order to determine the parameters used in the constitutive model, we need to consider the kinematic relations under large deformation. Finally, we will discuss the numerical scheme to solve the coupled equations. 

Materials or surfaces are said to be responsive if they display a pronounced response to an environmental stimulus, particularly a response that may be suitable for application. Some responses in the form of physical or phase changes can be switchable or reversible. With the development of materials science, especially with the development of synthetic polymers and surface chemistry, these materials and surfaces have been designed for broad applications. Smart or intelligent has also been used to describe these materials since the 1980s. Shape-memory alloys and polymers, piezoelectric materials, and switchable glass are all good examples. 

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